土木工程概論論文24685221(存儲版)
【正文】 程專業(yè)是根據(jù)中國城市發(fā)展的趨勢和當前城市地下工程人才匱乏的實際情況而設(shè)立的新專業(yè)，主要培養(yǎng)具有堅實的數(shù)學(xué)、力學(xué)等自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和人文社會科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，掌握城市地下工程勘察、規(guī)劃、工程材料、結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計、機械基礎(chǔ)及工程機械、電工技術(shù)、工程測量、施工組織和工程概預(yù)算、工程監(jiān)理等方面的基本技術(shù)和知識，具備從事隧道及地下工程的規(guī)劃、設(shè)計、研究、開發(fā)利用、施工和管理能力，具有較強的計算機應(yīng)用能力和較高的外語水平的高級技術(shù)人才。 在橋梁施工方面，對施工組織將充分利用電子計算機進行經(jīng)濟有效的管理。 在建橋材料方面，以高強、輕質(zhì)、低成本為選擇的主要依據(jù)，近期仍以發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)的鋼材和混凝土為主，提高其強度和耐久性。石材、木材、鑄鐵、鍛鐵等橋梁材料，顯然不合要求，而鋼材的大量生產(chǎn)正好滿足這一要求。土木工程在材料、施工、理論三個方面也出現(xiàn)了新趨勢，即材料輕質(zhì)高強化、施工過程工業(yè)化和理論研究精密化。從此土木工程成為有理論基礎(chǔ)的獨立的學(xué)科。以17世紀工程結(jié)構(gòu)開始有定量分析，作為近代土木工程時代的開端；把第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后科學(xué)技術(shù)的突飛猛進，作為現(xiàn)代土木工程時代的起點。s analysis of a building problem determines the structural system to be used. Civil engineering is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocketlaunching facilities. Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads，pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial，mercial, or residential use．There is no one typical career path for civil people who graduate with civil engineering degrees start with jobs that require a low level of responsibility, and as the new engineers prove their petence, they are trusted with tasks that have larger consequences and require a higher level of , within each branch of civil engineering career path options some fields and firms, entrylevel engineers are put to work primarily monitoring construction in the field, serving as the eyes and ears of senior design engineers。
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