土木工程概論論文24685221(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 程專(zhuān)業(yè)是根據(jù)中國(guó)城市發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)和當(dāng)前城市地下工程人才匱乏的實(shí)際情況而設(shè)立的新專(zhuān)業(yè)，主要培養(yǎng)具有堅(jiān)實(shí)的數(shù)學(xué)、力學(xué)等自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和人文社會(huì)科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，掌握城市地下工程勘察、規(guī)劃、工程材料、結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)及工程機(jī)械、電工技術(shù)、工程測(cè)量、施工組織和工程概預(yù)算、工程監(jiān)理等方面的基本技術(shù)和知識(shí)，具備從事隧道及地下工程的規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、研究、開(kāi)發(fā)利用、施工和管理能力，具有較強(qiáng)的計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用能力和較高的外語(yǔ)水平的高級(jí)技術(shù)人才。 在橋梁施工方面，對(duì)施工組織將充分利用電子計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的管理。 在建橋材料方面，以高強(qiáng)、輕質(zhì)、低成本為選擇的主要依據(jù)，近期仍以發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)的鋼材和混凝土為主，提高其強(qiáng)度和耐久性。石材、木材、鑄鐵、鍛鐵等橋梁材料，顯然不合要求，而鋼材的大量生產(chǎn)正好滿(mǎn)足這一要求。土木工程在材料、施工、理論三個(gè)方面也出現(xiàn)了新趨勢(shì)，即材料輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)化、施工過(guò)程工業(yè)化和理論研究精密化。從此土木工程成為有理論基礎(chǔ)的獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。以17世紀(jì)工程結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)始有定量分析，作為近代土木工程時(shí)代的開(kāi)端；把第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后科學(xué)技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，作為現(xiàn)代土木工程時(shí)代的起點(diǎn)。s analysis of a building problem determines the structural system to be used. Civil engineering is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocketlaunching facilities. Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads，pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial，mercial, or residential use．There is no one typical career path for civil people who graduate with civil engineering degrees start with jobs that require a low level of responsibility, and as the new engineers prove their petence, they are trusted with tasks that have larger consequences and require a higher level of , within each branch of civil engineering career path options some fields and firms, entrylevel engineers are put to work primarily monitoring construction in the field, serving as the eyes and ears of senior design engineers。
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