【正文】 ，當(dāng)排水到低水位時觸動低水位開關(guān)，噴臂電磁閥導(dǎo)通進(jìn)行噴臂輔助清洗，一定時間后洗滌完畢，噴臂閥關(guān)閉，剩余水量由排水閥排出。（1）結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計合理，洗碗機(jī)能正常工作必須要結(jié)合中國人的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)、衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣和生活觀念等各種因素。這是國內(nèi)洗碗機(jī)不能占領(lǐng)市場的主要原因。設(shè)有上下兩個餐具架，可以分別進(jìn)行清洗，節(jié)約水電。此外，還提供開門保護(hù)功能。4系列商場里僅有海爾的一款家用洗碗機(jī)在銷售，其類型是傳統(tǒng)的噴臂式洗碗機(jī)，售價在3000元左右。歐美一些國家開發(fā)出的新型超聲波洗碗機(jī)有著低能耗、高效率和環(huán)保的特點(diǎn)，在注重節(jié)能環(huán)保生活的發(fā)達(dá)國家也產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。ISHI）、東芝（TOSHIBA）等。 “1929年德國的米勒公司制造出了歐洲第一臺電動家用洗碗機(jī)。影響超聲清洗效果的因素有很多。有一點(diǎn)值得注意的是，普通洗碗機(jī)需要加入大量的洗滌劑才能達(dá)到洗滌干凈的要求，浪費(fèi)大量水資源且對環(huán)境構(gòu)成污染。超聲波洗碗機(jī)作為健康環(huán)保的新家電，能夠使人們從繁瑣的家務(wù)活動中解脫出來。于是越來越多的洗碗機(jī)進(jìn)入西方家庭。西門子（SIEMENS）、其次是因?yàn)榍逑葱实?，為了達(dá)到效果，增加洗碗機(jī)的工作時間，使耗電量太大，不適合普通家庭使用。包括WQP4—WQP4—3和WQP4—2000A三個型號。設(shè)有溢水保護(hù)系統(tǒng)，可靠安全。且洗碗機(jī)的功率從600W到2300W不等，消費(fèi)者將承受更多的電費(fèi)?？傮w方案（3）高效率，能在30分鐘內(nèi)完成自動清洗過程。采用超聲波清洗既節(jié)能又環(huán)保，其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)在于確定超聲波換能器的功率和聲強(qiáng)等參數(shù)。通常將超聲技術(shù)分為檢測超聲和功率超聲兩類。在液體中溶解有部分空氣，這些微小氣泡存在于液體中，稱為空化核。 超聲清洗除了空化作用，還有一系列伴隨作用，具體如下： 微射流：由于空化閉合時，開始是球形，然后不對稱閉合，形成一個指向餐具表面的液體射流，其速度大于100m/s，對餐具上殘留的油污形成沖擊，同時增大了洗滌液的滲透作用，稱為聲學(xué)毛細(xì)管效應(yīng)。超聲空化閥根據(jù)對超聲空化閥的研究知道，只有交變聲壓幅值超過液體靜壓力時才能出現(xiàn)負(fù)壓，當(dāng)負(fù)壓超過液體強(qiáng)度時才能產(chǎn)生空化。聲強(qiáng)一般選在1W/cm22W/cm2之間。由于清洗的為陶瓷玩具，清洗槽規(guī)格為400400430，所以這里選擇28KHz。最后是清洗液對環(huán)境是否有污染?？栈瘡?qiáng)度的測量只要使超聲頻率在合理的范圍內(nèi)變化。加熱系統(tǒng)：水槽加熱管等。由于超聲水化腐蝕的影響，所以對洗滌槽的槽壁會有一定的損耗，長時間積累后會使超聲清洗的一些參數(shù)發(fā)生變化，所以選擇耐腐蝕性好的3mm不銹鋼板。其示意圖如下 圖52 水位感應(yīng)器結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 噴臂系統(tǒng)清洗槽內(nèi)焊接有凸臺，用于固定噴臂與進(jìn)水管。（2）配備末級放大器，將微小的信號轉(zhuǎn)化為大功率的信號。根據(jù)要求，確定超聲波設(shè)計參數(shù)：保險座:在輸出過載或超聲換能器工作異常時及時斷開電源，保護(hù)超聲波發(fā)生器。 超聲波換能器是一種將機(jī)械能，高頻電能轉(zhuǎn)化為聲能的裝置。綜上，這里選擇東莞科美達(dá)公司生產(chǎn)的HS—3828型超聲波換能器，其規(guī)格為：5968mm，阻抗≤20Ω，功率為100W，最高可用溫度120℃。第六章共24個數(shù)字量I/O點(diǎn)； 第七章 總 結(jié)本文是以“新型超聲波洗碗機(jī)”課題為研究背景的?，F(xiàn)把設(shè)計中具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和創(chuàng)新之處總結(jié)如下。設(shè)計缺陷：1. 對于洗碗過程中的食物殘渣，雖洗碗機(jī)中設(shè)有過濾裝置，但最終還是需要人工把它拿出，這并不能體現(xiàn)出洗碗機(jī)的全自動化。2004（2）.[ 9 ] 周里群，.[10] ，2002(6):7276本文闡述了由漢諾威的大學(xué)研究所建成的金屬成形和金屬成形加工機(jī)床的使用原型原則，它就是目前運(yùn)動學(xué)以及在原型產(chǎn)生的力和力矩。根據(jù)質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量兩個方面，產(chǎn)生了兩個最優(yōu)化方法?；谶@個原因，關(guān)于對大型汽車車身沖壓片機(jī)和自動1200/min、拉深24/min的沖程數(shù)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的做法。目前，最佳短住壓力可以用有限元分析法萊分析。如果非圓齒輪的適當(dāng)設(shè)計，從動齒輪的非均勻驅(qū)動器會導(dǎo)致泵所需的行程時間行為。 原型在金屬成型和金屬成型工具機(jī)（IFUM）1架的c型泵，它已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了修整和安裝了非圓齒輪副。壓力機(jī)是為了在單一沖程模式下對零件進(jìn)行深拉而設(shè)計的。由于壓力機(jī)是運(yùn)行在單一的操作模式,在設(shè)計時對其做相關(guān)的處理沒有提出特別的要求。如果非圓齒輪副是在壓力機(jī)的工作范圍，我們總能找到類似的條件。在IFUM中，由該研究所開發(fā)使用軟件程序。除了生產(chǎn)周期時間減少了20％，應(yīng)把桿速度的影響也大大減少。周期時間縮短至46mm。、行程數(shù)是85/min和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)力是20mn。第450mm以上擊打的地方，讓處理零件時間和曲柄壓力機(jī)在25min/n的擊打時間相同。假設(shè)一系列的零件時通過壓力機(jī)來加工的。若要達(dá)到1000kN標(biāo)準(zhǔn)力，該驅(qū)動器已提供45 kNm 的曲柄軸扭矩。這種速度就相當(dāng)于液壓機(jī)工作的速度。 這一對非圓齒輪傳動比平均為1，每個齒輪輪齒有59，直齒，模數(shù)10mm（圖2）齒面寬是150mm，這些齒輪有漸開線輪齒。對連桿壓力機(jī)的數(shù)量和軸承零件顯然是減少。這就需要尋找對泵創(chuàng)新設(shè)計的解決方案，它的設(shè)計應(yīng)主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，模塊化，以降低成本。另一方面,我們必須要考慮提高產(chǎn)量的相應(yīng)的壓力來增加造成更大的應(yīng)變速率力,這可能導(dǎo)致沖床半徑一側(cè)的一部分過渡疲勞而導(dǎo)致斷裂。為此，壓力泵必須要一個確定時間的最小高度。日益增長的市場定位要求技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件都得到滿足。 also to be considered is the time required for changing the part as well as for auxiliary operations in line with the priority of a short cycle time.2 Pressing Machine RequirementsOne manufacturing cycle, which corresponds to one stroke of the press goes through three stages: loading,forming and removing the part. Instead of the loading and removal stages we often find feeding the sheet, especially in sheer cutting. For this, the press ram must have a minimum height for a certain time. During the forming period the ram should have a particular velocity curve,which will be gone into below. The transitions between the periods should take place as quickly as possible to ensure short cycle time. The requirement of a short cycle time is for business reasons, to ensure low parts costs via high output. For this reason stroke numbers of about 24/min for the deep drawing of large automotive body sheets and 1200/min for automatic punching machines are standard the number of strokes in order to reduce cycle times without design changes to the pressing machine results in increasing strain rates, however. This has a clear effect on the forming process, which makes it necessary to consider the parameters which determine the process and are effected by it.In deep drawing operations, the velocity of impact when striking the sheet should be as low as possible to avoid the impact. On the one hand, velocity during forming must be sufficient for lubrication. On the other hand, we have to consider the rise in the yield stress corresponding to an increase in the strain rate which creates greater forces and which may cause fractures at the transition from the punch radius to the side wall of the part.In forging, short pressure dwell time is desirable. As the pressure dwell time drops the die surface temperature goes down and as a result the thermal wear This is counteracted by the enhanced mechanical wear due to the greater forming force, but the increase due to the strain rate is pensated by lower yield stress because of the lower cooling of the part. The optimal short pressure dwell can nowadays be determined quantitatively using the finite element method [3]. In addition to cost avoidance due to reduction in wear, short pressure dwell time is also an important technological requirement for the precision forging of near net shape parts, which has a promising future.The requirements of high part quality and high output will only be met by a machine technology which takes into account the demands of the metal forming process in equal measure to the goal of decreasing work production costs. Previous press designs have not simultaneously met these technological and economical requirements to a sufficient extent, or they are very costly to design andmanufacture, such as presses with link drives [6]. This makes it necessary to look for innovative solutions for the design of the press. Its design should be largely standardized and modularized in order to reduce costs [6].Fig 1. Prototype press3 Press Drive with Noncircular Gears PrincipleThe use of noncircular gears in the drive of mechanical crank presses offers a new way of meeting the technological and economic demands on the kinematics of the press ram. A pair of noncircular gears with a constant center distance is thus powered by the electric motor, or by the fly wheel, and drives the crank mechanism uniform drive speed is transmitted cyclically andnonuniformly to the eccentric shaft by the pair of noncircular g