【正文】 , he has to quote an optimal bid price. Compared with the quota pricing mode, the bill of quantities pricing method is more beneficial to control cost.When the bill of quantities pricing method is used, Bill of Quantities is the important part of the tender documents and also the core document to control cost. It is noted that the employer is responsible for its accuracy and integrity. In addition, Bill of Quantities is also one of bases of preparing tender control price and bidding price, figuring work amount, making payments to the contractor, adjusting contract price, preparing pletion settlement and claiming [5].（3）Contract planning. Contract planning includes the selection of contract type and preparation of contract clauses. The type of contract and terms of the contract decide the responsibility and risk allocation of both parties and the investor’s cost control level for the bidding project.There are three contract types in China: Lumpsum contract, unitprice contract and costplusafee contract. Table 1 will pare the three contract types from such aspects as meaning, risk sharing and whether it is beneficial to control cost [6].Table 1 The analysis sheet of three contract typesWhetherTypeMeaningRisk Sharingbeneficial tocontrol costLumpsumA fixed amount will be paid to theThe contractor bears double risksunbeneficialcontractcontractor.of quantity and price.The contractor is paid a fixedThe employer assumes the risk ofUnitpriceamount (unit price quoted whenthe amount of work, while thebeneficialcontractbidding) for each unit of workcontractor bears the risk of unitperformed.price. Risk sharing is reasonable.The employer pays the contractorCostplusafor costs necessarily incurred inThe employer bears almost allthe construction and a feeunbeneficialfee contractcalculated according to the agreedrisks.way of payment.The preparation of contract clauses is the important content of contract planning to control cost. In order to control cost effectively, the terms of contract dealing with construction cost should be agreed in precise detail, such as the payment of project fund, engineering changes, the scope and methods of contract price adjustment, agreement on damages and liquidated damages and so on [7].（4）Evaluation criteria and method. The core part of the bidding system is to choose the bid winner with the logical procedures and methods of bid evaluation. As an important part of the tender documents, the scientific and reasonable bid evaluation criteria and method are the key factors which decide if the bidder can win and also the construction project can acplish successfully. At present, the prehensive assessment method and appraised lowest bid price method are usually applied in bid evaluation. The former is suitable for largescale, plextechnology project, while the latter is generally applicable to a generaltechnology, standardperformance project.Provided that the prehensive assessment method is used in evaluation, the bidder who meets all prehensive evaluation criteria specified in the tender documents to the maximum will be a bid winner, which means that the bid price is not the only factor ever and such factors as duration, credit, performance also influence who can win a bid. On the contrary, if the appraised lowest bid price method is applied in evaluation, the bidder whose bid meets the substantive requirements specified in the tender documents and offers the lowest of the bid prices evaluated which is no lower than cost can succeed. Obviously, just because the use of the appraised lowest bid price method can prompt bidders as far as possible to reduce price, the evaluation method is more beneficial to control cost in the bidding phase.（5）Expectation of the bid inviter. There is no dying that every employer all expects his works good quality, fast speed and low cost, but it is not rational and impractical. The production of any modity has its quality standards, and construction is no exception. Therefore, when selecting quality standard, employers must ply with the national mandatory standards. They should try their best to avoid blind to improve the quality of the project to cause construction cost increased. In some cases, in order to reduce the loan interest during construction phrase and as early as possible put into production to obtain investment ine, the employer may decide to shorten the construction duration of the project, which also causes cost increased greatly and even occurs the quality accidents. Generally speaking, in order to obtain higher quality or short construction period, the bid inviter must pay extra economy cost. To control cost effectively, the employer has to find an even point among quality, duration and cost [7].Based on the above discussion, many factors will influence future construction cost in the bidding phrase. The more factors to be considered, the more beneficial to control construction cost.Analysis on Risk and Countermeasures of Cost Control in the Bidding PhraseRisk of Control in the Bidding Phrase. (1) Risk from design depth and quality problems of the bidding design drawings. In order to shorten the construction cycle, the design depth is often not enough。在他們的幫助下，合同雙方可以以更加公平，合理，有效的確定工程價格結(jié)論投標(biāo)階段的造價控制是全過程造價控制過程中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)之一。最后但并非最不重要的，政府應(yīng)該完善建筑市場準(zhǔn)入和通關(guān)制度，加強對市場的監(jiān)管。工程量的精度是項目成本控制的核心，也是一個限制不平衡報價的關(guān)鍵點。當(dāng)評標(biāo)專家審查商務(wù)標(biāo)時，他們應(yīng)注意以下兩點是有益于幫助業(yè)主在招投標(biāo)階段