【正文】 ics. (feasibility of the conclusion) ★★★★—————————————————————————————— 53, （生命科學(xué)/科學(xué)假說/并列）Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants(1) who showed signs of mild distress(4) when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn(2), a time when their mothers39。GRE Argument終極提綱使用說明：這里是Argument全部242題的完整提綱。題目順序以新東方寫作教程第一章題庫順序?yàn)闇?zhǔn)。s environmental problems. () ★★★★★5. The author provides no firm evidence that electing Green is necessary to solve those problems, or that electing Green would suffice. (necessity and sufficiency of the solution) ★★★—————————————————————————————— 188, （醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生/建議/對比）A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications(3). When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women(1) who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported(5) feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women(2). This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required(4), whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication(6). In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications(7) on men versus women.★★2001. The number of subjects might be insufficient to constitute a representative sample. (quantity of the sample) ★★★2. Other differences between those men and women could also explain the difference between their feelings on pain. () ★★★★3. The effect of kappa opioids on pain feeling could not be hastily generalized to all other pain medications. () ★★★★4. The effect of kappa opioids on patients who have their wisdom teeth extracted could not be hastily generalized to all conditions where pain medication is required. () ★★★5. The level of pain reported by the patients may not reflect their actual level of pain. () ★★★6. Without more information concerning the thorough effect of kappa opioids, and lacking parison between the effectiveness of kappa opiods and other available pain medications, we cannot conclude that it is not suitable for all male patients merely based on the fact cited above. (adv:disadv/confusing parison and variation) ★★★7. Granted that pain medications should be prescribed discriminatingly, the necessity of reevaluating the effects of all medications on men versus women is unwarranted. () ★★★★—————————————————————————————— 186, （生產(chǎn)，管理/預(yù)言/對比）The following is a remendation from the director of personnel to the president of Professional Printing Company. In a recent telephone survey(1) of automobile factory workers, older employees were less likely to report that having a supervisor present increases their productivity. Among workers aged 18 to 29, 27 percent said that they are more productive in the presence of their immediate supervisor, pared to 12 percent for those aged 30 or over, and only 8 percent for those aged 50 or over(2). Clearly, if our printing pany(3) hires mainly older employees(4), we will increase productivity and save money because of the reduced need for supervisors. ★★★★1. Since the survey is a telephone survey, the reliability of its result is suspicious at many aspects, . the size of the sample, who responded to the survey, if the respondents could exactly understand the questions, if the respondents were forthright when answering the questions, etc.(reliability of the survey) ★★★2. The director fails to make any parison between the actual productivity of different groups of employees. (confusing parison and variation/) ★★★★3. The automobile industry may not be parable with a printing pany. () ★★★4. The director fails to consider many negative effects of hiring mainly older employees. (adv:disadv) ★★★★★—————————————————————————————— 169, （人事，學(xué)校建設(shè)/提議/類比）The following appeared in a letter from a department chairperson to the president of Pierce University. Some studies conducted by Bronston College, which is also located in a small town, reveal that both male and female professors are happier(1) living in small towns when their spouses are also employed in the same geographic area. Therefore, in the interest of attracting the most(5) gifted teachers and researchers to our faculty and improving the morale of our entire(3) staff(5), we at Pierce University should offer employment to the spouse of each new faculty member we hire(2,4,7,9). Although we cannot expect all offers to be accepted or to be viewed as an ideal job offer, the money invested in this effort will clearly be well spent(6) because, if their spouses have a chance of employment, new professors will be more likely to accept our offers(8). ★★1. The fact that professors are happier living in small towns might be due to other factors, but not because they are living together with their spouses. (NCR) ★★2. The chairperson fails to consider the possible differences between Bronston College and Pierce University, thus merely copying Bronston’s activity may not be same effective at Pierce. () ★★★3. The chairperson fails to point out what fraction of our faculty will be new members, thus the assumption that the morale of entire staff could be improved is open to doubt. () ★★★4. The chairperson fails to consider many other relevant factors that may influence new professors’ decision. () ★★★★5. Even if the proposed actions are effective in attracting new professors, we cannot guarantee that the action will attract the most gifted teachers and researchers, and necessarily improving the morale of stuff. (sufficiency of the solution) ★★★6. The chairperson does not analyze the cost of the proposed actions, hence we cannot evaluate