【正文】 當(dāng)然，女性會(huì)爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)她們對(duì)外表的熱衷追求是出于對(duì)來(lái)自男性的壓力的一種反應(yīng)。t shower her with empty pliments about how her shoes plement her dress nicely because she39。而且，也許因?yàn)槟愕念^發(fā)和耳廓上粘著剃須膏，她會(huì)懷疑你根本沒(méi)有資格對(duì)任何人的外表給出主觀評(píng)價(jià)。它規(guī)定，對(duì)那些直接威脅人類健康與安全的生態(tài)變化采取應(yīng)對(duì)措施是環(huán)境保護(hù)的必需品，而其他則都屬于奢侈品。s moderate climate?溫室效應(yīng)所可能引發(fā)的熱效應(yīng)是非常具有毀滅性的：冰川融化、海岸線被淹沒(méi)、氣候遭受破壞、平原干涸，最終食物消失殆盡。這種環(huán)保主義喜歡把自己看作是神圣的，其實(shí)它只是感情用事而已。他們散布說(shuō)美國(guó)應(yīng)該保護(hù)并且節(jié)約能源而不是開(kāi)采能源。I like the caribou as much as the next person. And I would be rather sorry if their mating patterns were disturbed. But you can39。但是，我們必須記住，保持生物多樣性并不意味著要留住每一種物種。s habitat, ., the atmosphere or the essential geology that sustains the core of the earth, is threatened. When the threat to humanity is lower in the hierarchy of necessity, a more modest acmodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order. But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environment because it is humanity39。理性、明確的環(huán)保主義保護(hù)環(huán)境是為了人類自身，而不是為了自然。t want it, really I don39。My mother turned to her brother, an experienced Chinese magistrate, visiting us for the first time. In America, a Chinese person could starve to death. If you don39。t even words for yes and no.我在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)雜志》上讀到過(guò)一篇文章，描述的是紐約市內(nèi)的中國(guó)城這一小塊文化聚居地的變遷。Amyah! they39。t we just tell you not to question?“哎！我們不是剛剛說(shuō)過(guò)，叫你不要反問(wèn)嗎？”If I consider my upbringing carefully, I find there was nothing discreet about the Chinese language I grew up with, no censorship for the sake of politeness. My parents made everything abundantly clear in their consecutive demands: Of course you will bee a famous aerospace engineer, they prodded. And yes, a concert pianist on the side.仔細(xì)想想自己的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我從小到大所接觸到的中文并不是什么特別謹(jǐn)慎的語(yǔ)言，也不存在出于客氣而對(duì)所說(shuō)的話進(jìn)行仔細(xì)檢查的現(xiàn)象。s individual tendency to ornament her language and wander around a bit.在我看來(lái)，更危險(xiǎn)的做法是，人們往往傾向于通過(guò)翻譯來(lái)理解不同語(yǔ)言和行為之間的差異。 generation are willing to accept the generalization?這會(huì)不會(huì)就是我父母輩的中國(guó)朋友愿意接受那些對(duì)中國(guó)人的簡(jiǎn)單概括的原因呢？why are you plaining? one of them said to me. If people think we are modest and polite, let them think that. Wouldn39。我擔(dān)心語(yǔ)言的力量，即如果一個(gè)人將一件事說(shuō)了很多遍，無(wú)論其是否有惡意，這件事都會(huì)變成事實(shí)。而英文則常常被認(rèn)為缺乏一致性，因?yàn)橛⑽木哂刑嗖缓弦?guī)則的用法。s not respectful.“我們叫你時(shí)，不要對(duì)我們反問(wèn)，”他們會(huì)用中文訓(xùn)斥道。 I spoke back to them in English.生于移民家庭的孩子都清楚，有一種特殊的兩難境地與說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言的生活聯(lián)系在一起。I read an article in The New York Times Magazine on changes in New York39。m already full, Sausau muttered weakly, eying the scallop.“飽了，我已經(jīng)飽了，”嫂嫂低聲嘀咕著，眼睛卻瞟著扇貝。yao, zhen b39。s sake but for our own.感情用事的環(huán)保主義者會(huì)說(shuō)這種拯救自然的思路是完全錯(cuò)誤的。但是，如果人類必須在自身的福利和自然的福利之間作出選擇，自然則必須作出讓步。我絕不是仇視貓頭鷹。對(duì)能源的依賴使美國(guó)不但付出了金錢的代價(jià)，而且也付出了生命的代價(jià)。就以當(dāng)前關(guān)于是否在北極國(guó)家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)的某一角落開(kāi)采石油的激烈爭(zhēng)論為例吧。Of course, this human focus runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that indulges in overt earth worship. Some people even allege that the earth is a living organism. This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual. It is nothing more than sentimental. It takes, for example, a highly selective view of the kindness of nature, one that is inpatible with the reality of natural disasters. My nature worship stops with the twister that came through Kansas or the dreadful rains in Bangladesh that eradicated whole villages and left millions homeless.當(dāng)然，這種以人類為中心的主張與當(dāng)下盛行的環(huán)保主義是格格不入的，后者已經(jīng)沉溺于對(duì)地球的公然崇拜。The possible thermal consequences of the greenhouse effect are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disrupted climate, dry plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds people at all corners of the atlas. With the planetary climate changes, are we prepared to see Iowa take on New Mexico39。必需品則是指那些無(wú)論付出什么代價(jià)，都一定要去擁有的東西。但是，你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之詞，贊美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配，因?yàn)樗滥闶窃谡f(shuō)謊。re a man, and a woman asks you how she looks, you can39。他們也許會(huì)對(duì)布拉德說(shuō)：“是嗎？那么帥哥，你對(duì)草坪維護(hù)又知道多少？”O(jiān)f course women argue that they bee obsessed with appearance as a reaction to pressure from men. The truth is that most men think beauty is more than just lipstick and perfume and take no notice of these extra details. I have never once, in more than 40 years of listening to men talk about women, heard a man say, She had gorgeous fingernails! To most men, little things like fingernails are all homogeneous anyway, and one woman39。m not saying that men are superior. I39。 she stressed how important it was to adhere to the guidelines, like applying products via the tips of their fingers to protect elasticity. All the women dutifully did this, even though it was obvious to any rational observer that, no matter how carefully they applied these products, they would never have Cindy Crawford39。t inborn, but created through the interaction of many plex psychological and societal factors, beginning with the dolls we give them as children. Girls grow up playing with dolls proportioned so that, if they were human, they would be seven feet tall and weigh 61 pounds, with tiny thighs and a large upper body. This is an absurd standard to live up to, especially when you consider the size of the doll39。對(duì)于一位男性來(lái)說(shuō)，如果能花四分鐘刮刮胡子，結(jié)束之后再把粘到頭發(fā)上的剃須膏擦凈，又沒(méi)有出血太厲害，他就覺(jué)得自己已經(jīng)盡心盡力了。 average is fine. They don39。相信我，這是最簡(jiǎn)單的方法。m more interested in a different petitioner Rob and I are back together.“我對(duì)另一位求愛(ài)者更感興趣――羅伯和我重歸于好了。You certainly can discern a fallacy when you see it, I said, my hopes starting to crumble.But don39。d learned her lessons too few more false steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and try flattery instead.我又笑了笑，不過(guò)不覺(jué)得那么有趣了，同時(shí)還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。s good.我被逗得笑了起來(lái)，她功課還真學(xué)得不錯(cuò)，大大超過(guò)了我的預(yù)期?！監(jiān)h? she said, a little disappointed.“哦？”她回答說(shuō)，有一點(diǎn)失望。t make an analogy between them.“波莉，”我抱怨道，“別打岔，這一推論是錯(cuò)誤的。這個(gè)人根本沒(méi)有回答老板的問(wèn)題，而只是在博取老板的同情，這就是‘文不對(duì)題’。Seated under the oak the next evening I said, Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam.第二天晚上，坐在那棵橡樹(shù)下，我說(shuō)：“今天晚上我們要談的第一個(gè)邏輯謬誤叫‘文不對(duì)題’?！盢ext is Hasty Generalization. Selfexplanatory, right? Listen carefully: You can39。Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore, everybody should exercise.“‘絕對(duì)判斷’是指在證據(jù)不足的情況下所作出的推斷。“我們要談些什么？”她問(wèn)道。她擁有合適的家庭背景，足以勝任一名堅(jiān)忍而睿智的律師的女友。t, so he made a pact that he39。t too shrewd, eit