某航空學(xué)院—經(jīng)貿(mào)專業(yè)—經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 price discrimination ”among their different customers in a way that exploits different price elasticities . Airlines offer discount fares for travelers who plan ahead and who tend to choose times when prices are low .At the same time ,airlines might require a stay over Saturday night to get the discount fare ,a rule that discourages business travelers who would like to get home for the weekend . Also ,discounts are often unavailable at the last minute because many business trips are unplanned expeditions to handle an unforeseen crisis –another case of price –inelastic demand .Airlines have devised extremely sophisticated puter programs to manage their seat availability as a way of ensuring that their low –elasticity passengers cannot benefit from discount fares .As a result their profits have continued to be healthy while they fill their planes with budget travelers . availability as a way of ensuring that their low –elasticity passengers cannot benefit from discount fares .as a result ,their profits have continued to be healthy while they fill their planes with budge travelers . 需求的收入彈性 (Ine elasticity) 用來衡量需求量對收入變化的反映程 度 . E2= % / %Δ I =Δ Q /Δ I I/Q 點(diǎn)彈性 : E2=dQ/dI I/Q 弧彈性 : E2=(Q 2Q1)/(I2I1) (I2+I1)/(Q 2+Q1) 判斷： EI0 正常品 (Normal goods): EI1 奢侈品 (Luxuries) 0 EI1 必需品 (Necessities) EI 0 低擋品（ Inferior goods） 需求的交叉彈性 (cross elasticity) 某一商品需求量對其他相關(guān)物品價(jià)格 EC xy= Δ Qx%/Δ py%
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