【正文】 技術(shù)學(xué)校，這所學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在是卡內(nèi)基 在這個(gè)過(guò) 程中，他變成了美國(guó)最富有的人之一。07 Andrew Carnegie 因此，電視成了一個(gè)對(duì)其他人發(fā)生影響的強(qiáng)大工具。 The word television, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (Visio: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image. 根據(jù)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，故事(關(guān)于狩獵、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或者其它偉績(jī))是逐漸豐富起 來(lái)的。 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是這樣進(jìn)行論證的：一開(kāi)始，人類(lèi)把世界上的自 然力量，甚至季節(jié)的變化都看成是不可預(yù)料的。 There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the worldeven the seasonal changesas unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. 但一些動(dòng)物的某些肌肉細(xì)胞能轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)，以致完全失去肌肉細(xì)胞的功能。人們對(duì)電燈、收音機(jī)、電視和電話(huà)早已司空見(jiàn)慣以致很難想 象沒(méi)有它們生活會(huì)變成什么樣。 Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity. 買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方不但要清楚交易中的錢(qián)數(shù)，而且要非常熟悉交易物的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，交易的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，采用哪種形式付款，有怎樣的緩付和優(yōu)惠，對(duì)交易物的質(zhì)量保證、 交貨條款、退賠權(quán)利等等。 價(jià)格也是有限的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)在買(mǎi)方中的配給 手段。 學(xué)校教育這一形式化的過(guò)程是有特定的 限制的。 人們從幼時(shí)起就 開(kāi)始受教育。 這種觀念中的上學(xué)與受教育之間的區(qū)別非常重要。 It is monly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. 但調(diào)音師們也有他們的難處： 他們必須耐心地調(diào)理敲擊琴弦的音錘，不能讓音錘發(fā)出的聲音象是打擊樂(lè)器，而且每個(gè)交疊的音都必須要清晰。 一名學(xué)音樂(lè)的學(xué)生要想成為 一名演奏者，需要經(jīng)受長(zhǎng)期的、嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練，就象一名醫(yī)科的學(xué)生要成為一名醫(yī)生一樣。01 The Language of Music the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. 因?yàn)樽髑沂侨绱送耆匾蕾?lài)于職業(yè)歌手和職 業(yè)演奏者，所以職業(yè)歌手和職業(yè)演奏者肩上的擔(dān)子可謂不輕。給鋼琴調(diào)音是調(diào) 音師的職責(zé)。 而現(xiàn)在卻有人認(rèn)為孩子們上學(xué)打斷了他們 受教育的過(guò)程。 與 陌生人的一次隨意談話(huà)可能會(huì)使人認(rèn)識(shí)到自己對(duì)其它宗教其實(shí)所知甚少。 例如，高中生們知道，在課堂上他們沒(méi)法弄清楚他們社區(qū)里政治問(wèn)題的真情， 也不會(huì)了解到最新潮的電影制片人在做哪些嘗試。 If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a plete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that prise the total “package” being exchanged for the askedfor amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price. 價(jià)格的定義 價(jià)格決定資源的使用方式。但要獲得對(duì)價(jià)格在任何一樁交易中的完整認(rèn)識(shí)，就必須考慮到大量 非貨幣因素的影響。 The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as fourfifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body. 電 當(dāng)今時(shí)代是電氣時(shí)代。許多生物細(xì)胞發(fā)出的電流都是 極微小的，小到要用靈敏儀器才能記錄和測(cè)量。s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds. 戲劇的起源 關(guān)于古希臘戲劇的起源存在著多種理論，其中一個(gè)最普遍為人接受的理論 假設(shè)認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來(lái)。另一個(gè)追溯戲劇起源的理論認(rèn)為它來(lái)自人 們對(duì)敘述故事的興趣。但是，電視不僅僅是一個(gè)電子系統(tǒng)，它還是一種表達(dá)工具和傳播渠道。 我們漸漸把顯像 管看作是娛樂(lè)的來(lái)源，讓自己成為這個(gè)生動(dòng)的媒介的被動(dòng)觀眾。卡內(nèi)基在美國(guó)建立了鋼鐵工業(yè)。 這些貢獻(xiàn)包括匹茲堡卡 內(nèi)基學(xué)校。 由于他超過(guò)五百萬(wàn)美元的捐款，2500個(gè)圖書(shū)館得以建立起來(lái)，遍布在美國(guó)各地的小村鎮(zhèn)， 形成了我們今天還在享用的公共圖書(shū)館系統(tǒng)的核心。s War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of Englishspeaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newerthe United Statesbased itself squarely on republican principles. 美國(guó) 獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)宣布了三個(gè)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家的誕生，其中一個(gè)是加拿大。 但是建于 18 世紀(jì)三四十年代的早期工廠(chǎng)位于城邊的航道和鐵路附近，被工作機(jī)會(huì)吸引到這里的成千上萬(wàn)的人們需要住 房。此時(shí)城市中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的出現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了第一 波大規(guī)模郊區(qū)化。 Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to re