【正文】 所以偉大在于他們對音樂語言駕輕就熟，以致于 可以滿懷喜悅地演出寫于任何時(shí)代的作品。 它既包括在學(xué)校所受的正規(guī)教育，也包括一切非正規(guī)教育。 在不同場合下，它的基本形式大同小異。 Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a plex network posed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional,ransportation, and publicutility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, plicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. 如果隨機(jī)挑選一群人，問問他們?nèi)绾味x價(jià)格，許多人會回答價(jià)格就是根據(jù)賣方提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，買方向其付出 的錢數(shù)。 they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have bee so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing. 所有生物細(xì)胞都會發(fā)出微小的 電脈沖。 在電鰻的身體里，多至五分之四的細(xì)胞都專門用 來發(fā)電，而且發(fā)出的電流的強(qiáng)度大約和它身體的長度成正比。認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來的人們還認(rèn)為那些儀式包含了戲劇的基本因素，因?yàn)橐魳贰⑽璧?、面具和服裝幾乎經(jīng)常被使用，而且，必須為演出提供一個(gè)合適的地點(diǎn)；如果不是整個(gè)社區(qū)共 同參加演出，經(jīng)常在演出區(qū)和觀眾席之間劃分出明顯的分界。電視這個(gè)詞來源于希臘語詞根(tele：遠(yuǎn))和拉丁語詞根(vision：景象)，可以從字面上理解為來自遠(yuǎn)處的 景象。 我們熟悉廣播電視，因?yàn)閺V播電視已經(jīng)以類似 目前的方式存在了大約 37 年。 Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie39。 他反對施舍救濟(jì)，更愿意提供教育機(jī)會，使別人自立。安德魯amp。革命帶來了重大的變化，但并非翻天覆地，所發(fā)生的只是進(jìn)化 的加速，而不是一場徹底的革命；在沖突期間，人們?nèi)匀簧习唷⒆龆Y拜、結(jié)婚、玩耍。 在一些州，特 別是康涅狄格和羅德島，戰(zhàn)爭基本上只是承認(rèn)了已經(jīng)存在的殖民地的自治。 With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and acpanying social stressconditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first mercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horsedrawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the pact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of massscale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of singlefamily housing tracts. 郊區(qū)的發(fā)展 如果郊區(qū)指的是比已建好的城市內(nèi)部發(fā)展更為迅速的城市邊緣地帶，那 么郊區(qū)化可以說始于 1825 年至 1850 年工業(yè)化城市出現(xiàn)期間。隨著工業(yè)化的加速發(fā)展，城市里出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重?fù)頂D和相伴而來的社會壓力。 Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more mon in speech than in writing. Finally, it is worth noting that the terms standard colloquial and slang exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions. 語言的類型 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法包括那些為使用這種語言的大多數(shù)人在任何場合下理解、使用和 接受的詞和短語，而不論該場合是否正式。每一代人似乎都需要 獨(dú)有的一套詞匯來描述熟知的物體和事件。正象任何一位歷史學(xué)家那樣，考古學(xué)家研究調(diào)查 并盡力去重構(gòu)一個(gè)過程。戰(zhàn)場上軍隊(duì)的行動(dòng)可能改變歷史 的進(jìn)程，但從考古學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來看，這同樣是難以捕捉的；可能更糟的是，多數(shù)有機(jī)物質(zhì)會 腐爛。precious modity. Probably nowhere in the country is this more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has neededwhile another is sent to storage. Despite the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however, the museum has no plan, no plan to 隨著收藏品的增多，也隨著博物館的需要和功能的變化，空間已經(jīng)變成 了一項(xiàng)非常珍貴的商品。s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new120, 000 kilowatts enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day. Glasswalled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of halfinch plate However, mirrorwalled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city39。the 這個(gè)博物館幾十年來一直需要額外的空間，十年前進(jìn)行了最后一次重大的翻新。在短時(shí)期內(nèi)，能留下考 古記錄的東西也都會退化為石頭、骨頭、玻璃、金屬和陶器的碎片。 考古學(xué)的資料就是人類行為所造成的物質(zhì)變 化。最后需要提到的是，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語、俗語和俚語這些 術(shù)語只是對研究語言的專家才有用的抽象標(biāo)簽。 相反，俗語是指那些幾乎所有講這種語言的人都理解并在非正式的口頭或書面中使用，卻不適用于更正規(guī)的一些場合的詞和短語。 幾年之內(nèi)，馬車就被廢棄了，電車網(wǎng)相互交織連接著各個(gè)重要的城區(qū)，從而形成了一種郊區(qū)化的潮 流，即密集的工業(yè)城市轉(zhuǎn)變成了分散的都市。 在其中，人們步行走動(dòng)，商品靠馬車來運(yùn)送。 許多較閉塞的社區(qū)對這場戰(zhàn)爭幾乎一無所知。 America39。卡內(nèi)基的慷慨大度幾乎影響到每個(gè)美國人的生活。他對社會的較重要的貢獻(xiàn)都以他的名字命名。S226。 Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. He who dies rich, dies disgraced, he often said. 這些廣播業(yè)的巨頭實(shí)際上不僅塑造了電視，而且也塑造了我們對電視的理解。當(dāng)這些電子脈沖信號被輸入一部接收機(jī)(電視機(jī))時(shí)，就可以用 電子學(xué)的方法把脈沖信號重新恢復(fù)成同一幅圖像。 The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broadbased airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals