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大學(xué)英語語法練習(xí)及答案(存儲版)

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【正文】 先行詞決定。 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語: It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語: It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語: It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào) 時間狀語: It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 注意:構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的 it本身沒有詞義;強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用 that, who,即使(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人) + 其它部分。 注意: 此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用 do/ does和 did ,沒有別的形式;過去時用 did ,后面的謂語動詞用原形。 It is a half hour’ s walk to the factory. It is eighteen square metres in area. What does it matter? 用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu),使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)。注意: it不是多余的,不能當(dāng)作錯句) 三、省略 為了使講話和行文簡潔,句中某些成分有時可省略。 . Let’ s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. Have you finished your work? (I have) Not (finished my work) yet. Yes, I am (thirsty). He hasn’ t finished the task yet. (二)并列句中的省略 兩個并列分句中,后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。 . Are you an engineer? 省略表語。 hour四個詞) strange) 但有時 it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。 . The climate of South China is mild(溫和的) 。 He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。 . The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has e to school. 語法復(fù)習(xí)五:強(qiáng)調(diào)句、 It 的用法、省略和插入語 一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 (一)強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型: It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主 語、賓語或狀語) + that/ . It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:同上,只是把 is/ was提到 it前面。 3) as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時與 which的區(qū)別 ① 當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時,用 as;反之,用 which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。形式上用逗號隔開,不能 that用引導(dǎo)。 whether 可與不定式連用。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞 that一般可省略。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分,連接詞 whether 和 if(是否), as if(好象)在從句中 8 不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。因此,名詞性從句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。如: The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’ t easy to study. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有 a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如: There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意: a number of―許多 ‖,作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù); the number of―…的 在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如: Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has e to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. either, neither, each, every 或 no +單數(shù)名詞和由 some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。另外,常用的還有 the reason is that? 和 It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如: We heard it that she would get married next month. 5. 后邊不能直接跟 that 從句的動詞 這類動詞有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, five等。例如: It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ( 4) It doesn’ t matter how/whether ?結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組 , 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。 . The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)簡單句的五種基本句型 主語 +系動詞 +表語: . He is a student. 主語 +不及物動詞: . We work. 主語 +及物動詞 +賓語: . Henry bought a dictionary. 主語 +及物動詞 +雙賓語(間接賓語 +直接賓語): . My father bought me a car. 主語 +及物動詞 +復(fù)合賓語(賓語 +賓補(bǔ)): . Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成??捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆? Light travels (副詞及副詞性詞組) He has lived in the city .(介詞短語) He is proud (不定式短語) He is in the room Wait .(名詞) , you must continue.(狀語從句) 狀語種類如下: How about meeting again ?(時間狀語) Last night she didn’ t go to the dance party .(原因狀語) I shall go there (條件狀語) Mr Smith lives (地點(diǎn)狀語) She put the eggs into the basket (方式狀語) She came in (伴隨狀語) , I must work harder.(目的狀語) He was so tired .(結(jié)果狀語) She works very hard .(讓步狀語) I am taller .(比較狀語) 二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句 (一)句子種類兩種分類法 按句子的用途可分四種: 1)陳述句(肯定、否定): He is six years old。如: We . (四)表 語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。 (二)主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。例如: During the 1990s, American has bee more and more popular.(名詞) (代詞) (數(shù)詞) (不定式) does harm to the health.(動名詞) should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞) (主語從句) .it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式) (三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。例如: They went to see an (展覽) yesterday.(名詞) The heavy rain prevented form ing to school on time.(代詞) How many dictionaries do you have? I have (數(shù)詞) They helped with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞) He pretended (不定式短語) I enjoy .(動名詞短語) I think((賓語從句) 賓語種類:( 1)雙賓語(間接賓語 +直接賓語),例如: Lend me your dictionary, please. ( 2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語 +賓補(bǔ)),例如: They elected him their monitor. 1 (六)賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語,才能使句子的意義完整。 . He often reads English in the morning. Tom a
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