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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)及答案(留存版)

  

【正文】 the situation will improve. (3) whether + to do Please tell me whether to go or not. 4)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 ,表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句 Whether we’ ll go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing What/ how等特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 she has gone is not known yet. is why she was absent yesterday. didn’ t know what they were talking about. have no idea when he will be back 名 詞 性 從 句 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。、 4. it 可以作為形式賓語(yǔ) it 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ),還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ) that 從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。如: Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. plus eight is twenty. / Fiftysix divided by eight is seven. 等,都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 注意:連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問(wèn)句,因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問(wèn)式。 . I don’ t know whether or not the report is true. I don’ t know whether/ if the report is true or not. ④ 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用 whether引導(dǎo)。 2)用 which 而不用 that 的情況: ① 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句; ② 代表整個(gè)主句的意思; ③ 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。 . The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前,只能用 which和 whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關(guān)系代詞可有 which, that, whom, 口語(yǔ)中也可用 who,且可省略。 No. It is Xiao Zhang’ s. Mine is the one on the desk. it 與 that 的區(qū)別:兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞,但 that 指同一類,并非同一個(gè)。 . Are you going there? I’ d like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). No, but I want to be. Well, he ought to have. him? 注意:如果該賓語(yǔ)是 be動(dòng)詞或完成時(shí)態(tài),則須在 to之后加上 be或 have。省略可分以下幾種情況: (一)簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 省略主語(yǔ):祈使句中主語(yǔ)通常省略。 二、 It 的用法 (一)作人稱代詞 it代替前面(或后面)的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。 . The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利。 沒(méi)有什么能阻止他不干那件事。但下面情況不能互換。 連接副詞: when, where, why, how。 表示 ―時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值 ‖等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù) 若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用 表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ) ―one and a half‖后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式 算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如: What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 由連接詞 and或 both … and 連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如: 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation 二.賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞 ) 或介詞之后。如: and, but, or, while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。 . He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列連詞( and, but, or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。例如: During the 1990s, American has bee more and more popular.(名詞) (代詞) (數(shù)詞) (不定式) does harm to the health.(動(dòng)名詞) should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞) (主語(yǔ)從句) .it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式) (三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。如: We . (四)表 語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。 . The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型 主語(yǔ) +系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ): . He is a student. 主語(yǔ) +不及物動(dòng)詞: . We work. 主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ): . Henry bought a dictionary. 主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)): . My father bought me a car. 主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ) +賓補(bǔ)): . Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組 , 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 例如: We heard it that she would get married next month. 5. 后邊不能直接跟 that 從句的動(dòng)詞 這類動(dòng)詞有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, five等。如: Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has e to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. either, neither, each, every 或 no +單數(shù)名詞和由 some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。如: The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’ t easy to study. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有 a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分,連接詞 whether 和 if(是否), as if(好象)在從句中 8 不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。 whether 可與不定式連用。 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。 . The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has e to school. 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)五:強(qiáng)調(diào)句、 It 的用法、省略和插入語(yǔ) 一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 (一)強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型: It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)) + that/ . It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:同上,只是把 is/ was提到 it前面。 . The climate of South China is mild(溫和的) 。 . Are you an engineer? 省略表語(yǔ)。注意: it不是多余的,不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句) 三、省略 為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔,句中某些成分有時(shí)可省
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