【正文】 he configuration of the system and the sequence of steps. For the execution of the main program, it offers plete resources as timers and interruptions. The list of resources of the controller was created to explore all the capacity of the microcontroller to make it as plete as possible. During the step, the program chooses how to use the resources reading the configuration string of the step. This string has two bytes for digital inputs, one used as a mask and the other one used as a value expected. One byte is used to configure the outputs value. One bytes more is used for the internal timer , the analog input or timeout. The EEPROM memory inside is 256 bytes length that is enough to save the string of the steps, with this characteristic it is possible to save between 48 steps （ Table 1） . The controller () has also a display and some buttons that are used with an interactive menu to program the sequence of steps and other configurations. . Interaction ponents For the real application the controller must have some elements to interact with the final user and to offer a plete monitoring of the system resources that are available to the designer while creating the logic control of the pneumatic system (): ?Interactive mode of work。除了微控制器之外 ， 只有少量的零部件執(zhí)行一些如輸出，輸入，類比輸入 ,顯示接口和連續(xù)運(yùn)行的情況等功能。 那就是說，使用傳統(tǒng)的 PLC，使用者清楚各個(gè)操作之間的關(guān)系。 圖 7 電氣圖表舉例 圖 8 電氣圖表舉例 另外的一些 輔助設(shè)施也包括在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中 ， 比如自動(dòng)機(jī)械 /手動(dòng)調(diào)控器，他們可以使系統(tǒng)不斷的循環(huán)工作；兩個(gè)開始控制鍵 ， 他們能讓操作員手動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的開始和停止，這樣就減少了發(fā)生意外事件的危險(xiǎn)。 利用他們我們可 以用必需的邏輯語言設(shè)計(jì)整個(gè)的控制線 路。第四步，主動(dòng)器 D快速往返來回運(yùn)動(dòng)一次。 5 電氣系統(tǒng)例子 這種系統(tǒng)不只是適應(yīng)于特定的機(jī)器。 接口 程序運(yùn)行序列可以用控制器的接口來編程 。 交互作用 在實(shí)際運(yùn)行操作中，控制器需要有一些輔助設(shè)備幫助它和使用者進(jìn)行互動(dòng)，可以提供可靠的操作監(jiān)控，同時(shí)對氣流系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行邏輯控制。它有足夠的插孔，線路連續(xù)通訊 EEPROM 記憶解救系統(tǒng)的所有結(jié)構(gòu)和步驟的序列。 在編程之后，部件序列被內(nèi)部微控制器的記憶所儲(chǔ)藏，因此，他們是可讀的而且可以運(yùn)行。這 也就是說發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的每一次運(yùn)動(dòng)變化都是系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)新的狀態(tài)，而兩個(gè)不同狀態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)變叫做步驟。這是就需要另一種方法可以節(jié)省時(shí)間，產(chǎn)生清晰線路，能夠防止偶然的信號(hào)交疊和線路堵塞。這種控制器可以根據(jù)微控制器來制作。 PLC 的感應(yīng)器和開關(guān)是輸入端，而發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的直接控制閥是輸出端，其中有一個(gè)內(nèi)部程序操控所有運(yùn)行必需的邏輯，模擬其他的裝置如計(jì)算器、定時(shí)器等 ，對整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行控制?，F(xiàn)在，大部分的系統(tǒng)邏輯操作的控制器都被程序邏輯控制器（ PLC）所取代。 針對這種情況可行的一種辦法是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可提供特定尺寸和功能的控制器。 對于一個(gè)簡單的運(yùn)動(dòng)，系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)程序可以完成，但是對于間接或更加復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動(dòng)，系統(tǒng)的程序就會(huì)產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的線路和錯(cuò)誤的信號(hào)。 上述方法可以使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的每一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)都被很好地用步驟來定義。輸入端有二個(gè)位元組 ， 輸出端有一個(gè)，其他結(jié)構(gòu)部分和附加功能步驟有兩個(gè) 。 這種 控制器以微集成電路微控制器 PIC16F877 為基礎(chǔ) ,它擁有全部此次項(xiàng)目所需要的資源。 除了一個(gè)互動(dòng)菜單外，這種控制器還有一個(gè)控制臺(tái)和一些指令按鈕，他們一起控制各個(gè)步驟的運(yùn)行和連續(xù)性，也控制其他的一些裝置。有兩個(gè)輸入端共同工作可以快速的運(yùn)行這些功能。根據(jù)使用者的構(gòu)造 ,它能利用分流或暫停應(yīng)付緊急線路情況來保證系統(tǒng)安全。利用回旋的 電流工作的主動(dòng)器 D連同返回來的 C一起工作。 圖 6 A ,B ,C ,D 傳動(dòng)裝置傳動(dòng)順序 圖 5和 6所表現(xiàn)的系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行清楚的描述了所有序列。這些照片是控制線路的電圖表 ,包括感應(yīng)器，控制鍵和電的活瓣卷。使用這種可編程的控制器 ， 使用者必須知道運(yùn)行方法的觀念并且規(guī)劃每個(gè)步驟的結(jié)構(gòu)。它不需要為了獲取微控制器里的資源而安裝外部記憶器或外部的定時(shí)器。 Programmable designed for electropneumatic systems controller This project deals with the study of electropneumatic systems and the programmable controller that provides an effective and easy way to control the sequence of the pneumatic actuators movement and the states of pneumatic system. The project of a specific controller for pneumatic applications join the study of automation design and the control processing of pneumatic systems with the electronic design based on microcontrollers to implement the resources of the controller. 1. Introduction The automation systems that use electropneumatic technology are formed mainly by three kinds of elements: actuators or motors, sensors or buttons and control elements like valves. Nowadays, most of the control elements used to execute the logic of the system were substituted by the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Sensors and switches are plugged as inputs and the direct control valves for the actuators are plugged as outputs. An internal program executes all the logic necessary to the sequence of the movements, simulates other ponents like counter, timer and control the status of the system. With the use of the PLC, the project wins agility, because it is possible to create and simulate the system as many times as needed. Therefore, time can be saved, risk of mistakes reduced and plexity can be increased using the same elements. A conventional PLC, that is possible to find on the market from many panies, offers many resources to control not only pneumatic systems, but all kinds of system that uses electrical ponents. The PLC can be very versatile and robust to be applied in many kinds of application in the industry or even security system and automation of buildings. Because of those characteristics, in some applications the PLC offers to much resources