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place in the forms, be deposited and made to fill forms 澆注于模板中 substandard concrete, high early strength concrete, highstrength concrete, ordinary concrete 次品混凝土,早強(qiáng)混凝土,高強(qiáng) 混凝土,普通混凝土 proportioning, mixing, placing, curing 配比,混合,澆注,養(yǎng)護(hù) fire resistance, weather resistance 抗火性,耐候性 evident advantage 顯而易見的優(yōu)點(diǎn) with the (possible) exception of … (cement) (可能 )例外的是 … ,除了 … 可能有例外, at low cost 以較低的價(jià)格 construction site 施工場(chǎng)地 pressive strength/stress/strain, tensile strength/stress/strain, flexure pressive force, tensile force, bending moment, shear force, torsion pression, tension, bending, shear, torsion 拉壓彎剪扭的幾種形式 be subject to … (loads), carry … (load) 承受 … (荷載 ),主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)兩種用法 cross section 橫截面 ******************************************** to offset this limitation 為了克服這一限制 to reinforce (v.) concrete 以加強(qiáng)混凝土 2 carrying capacity of the member 構(gòu)件的承載力 interlocking (n.), interlock (v.) 咬和的名詞與動(dòng)詞形式 strength, stiffness, ductility 強(qiáng)度,剛度,延性 ******************************************** yield strength, representative value 屈服強(qiáng)度,代表值 long span 大跨 deformation, deflection, crack, corrosion 變形,撓度,裂縫,腐蝕 moisture, humidity 潮濕,濕度 This limits (v.) … , There are limits (n.) to … 這就限制了 … ,在 … 方面有所限制 ******************************************** Structural forms ******************************************** monolithic 整體的,單塊的 flared column top 柱帽 folded plate roof, cylinder cell roof 波浪板式屋頂,圓柱殼形屋頂 beam, girder 梁, (托 )梁 (鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中多會(huì)用到 ) behavior, performance 一般來說, (構(gòu)件的 )特性, (結(jié)構(gòu)的 )性能 cablestayed bridge, suspension bridge 斜拉橋,懸索橋 onedimensional, twodimensional, threedimensional (a.) 一維的,二維的 (有時(shí)寫為 2D),三維的 (有時(shí)寫為 3D) ******************************************** Loads ******************************************** … be divided into … categories … 分為 … 類 dead load, live load, environmental load, suspended load 恒載,活載,環(huán)境荷載,吊掛荷載 magnitude, location, distribution (荷載的 )幅值,作用位置,分布 the weight of the structure 結(jié)構(gòu)的自重 with good accuracy, with precision 準(zhǔn)確的,精確的 ******************************************** Floor, roof, slab, ceiling 樓面 , 屋頂,樓板,天花板 … be specified in the building code … 在規(guī)范中有具體規(guī)定 uniformly distributed load/ uniform load, concentrated load 均布荷載,集中荷載 minimum load, minimum value, average value, mean value 最小荷載,最小值,平均值,均值(概率論及隨機(jī)) on the premise that… 在 … 的前提下 table (n.), tabulated 表格,制表 ******************************************** Snow load, wind load (including wind pressure and suction), earthquake effect (sometimes earthquake load), soil pressure, repair load 雪荷載,風(fēng)荷載 (包括風(fēng)壓力與風(fēng)吸力 ),地震作用 (有時(shí)仍見到“地震荷載”這一說法 ),土壓力,檢修荷載 temperature differential 溫度差異 for instance/for example 舉例來說 to give much more detailed information 給出更相信的信息 upper limit, lower limit 上限,下限 … summarize… 3 … 總結(jié)為 … … information pertaining to … 關(guān)于 … 的信息 horizontal force, lateral load 水平力,橫向荷載 height of the structure, importance of the structure 結(jié)構(gòu)的高度,結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性 to account for… 解釋了 … elastic, inelastic 彈性,彈塑性(有時(shí)用 elastoplastic) static analysis, dynamic analysis 靜力分析,動(dòng)力分析 (ground, floor) acceleration, velocity, displacement (地面,樓板 )加速度,速度,位移 mass, stiffness, damping 質(zhì)量,剛度,阻尼 base shear 基底剪力 soil condition, the condition of the site 土壤條件,場(chǎng)地土條件 ******************************************** Serviceability, strength, and structural safety ******************************************** safety, serviceability, durability 安全性,適用性,耐久性 collapse 倒塌 … , if any, … … , 如果有 (的話 ), … tolerable limits 允許誤差 be predicted accurately 準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)計(jì) differ from… , be different from… 與 … 不同的兩種形式 assumption, simplification 假定,簡化 progress has been made toward … 在 … 方面的進(jìn)展 random variable, probability model, probability density function, statistic data, mean value 隨機(jī)變量,概率模型,概率密度函數(shù),統(tǒng)計(jì)量,均值 abscissa, horizontal axis 橫坐標(biāo),水平坐標(biāo)軸 shaded area 陰影面積 a plot of … may appear as in Fig. 1, … is shown in … 圖如圖 1 所示, … 如圖 1 所示 be less than … 小于或少于 where a is … , b is … , and c is … / in which a is … , b is … , and c is … (此句一般跟于公式下面)該式中 a 是 … , b是 … , c是 … 。 Tsunami tsunami 海嘯 Indication, sign 征兆 longperiod wave 長周期波 Earthquake Prediction earthquake prediction 地震預(yù)測(cè) premonitory sign 預(yù)兆 Geologic and Seismic Site Evaluation owner, consultant 業(yè)主,顧問 a geologicseismic report 地震地質(zhì)報(bào)告 the building site 建筑場(chǎng)地 **************************************************************************************** 4a. Performance in Fire of SmallScale CFRP Strengthened Abstract smallscale / intermediatescale / fullscale 縮尺,中尺,足尺 12 FRP ( fibre reinforced plastic/polymer) 纖維加固材料 /聚合物 infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 cellulosic 纖維質(zhì)性質(zhì)的 furnace 燃燒爐 adhesive 膠粘劑 resin 樹脂 regardless of… 無論有沒有 fire resistance, fireresistant。 countermoment 抵消;抵消彎矩 5 design load 設(shè)計(jì)荷載 innovative structural forms 新型結(jié)構(gòu)體系 *************************************** . Effects of Prestressing alternative 可選擇的,不同的 be reduced or eliminated, to minimize or avoid 減少或自消除 … ,最小或者避免 … equivalent load, concentrated load 等效荷載,集中荷載 a special variation of reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土的一種變化形式 viewpoint 觀點(diǎn) analysis and design 分析與設(shè)計(jì) illustrate… 舉例說明 *************************************** a. Concrete stresss control by Prestressing plain, unreinforced concrete 素混凝土,有時(shí)直接表示為 plain concrete at the center of the span, midspan 跨中處 selfweight of the member 構(gòu)件自重 A be neglected 忽略了 A transverse load/lateral load, longitudinal load 橫向 荷載 (構(gòu)件層面或結(jié)構(gòu)層面 ),縱向荷載 at the bottom of the beam 在 /位于梁底 reach… 達(dá)到 … no restraint 沒有受到約束 collapse 倒塌 otherwise ; ,其他 identical, to be identical to … 完全相同的,與 … 相同