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氣動(dòng)增壓器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)-畢業(yè)論(存儲(chǔ)版)

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【正文】 以設(shè)計(jì)了氣動(dòng)增壓器。 而在液壓系統(tǒng)中,由于設(shè)計(jì)的需要,常常要在系統(tǒng)中的某個(gè)部分增大工作壓力,若是運(yùn)用常規(guī)的方法將整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的總的工作壓力提高,雖然也可以解決上述問題,但這必然會(huì)造成整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)成本,造成不必要的損失。 論 ....................................................................................................... 21 致 謝 .......................................................................................................... 23 氣動(dòng)增壓器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 1 課題背景 目前,國內(nèi)外對(duì)于低壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)研究與運(yùn)用較多,但對(duì)于高壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)的研究則進(jìn)展緩慢,之所以在這方面技術(shù)研究較少原因在于高壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)涉及到系統(tǒng)密封問題、系統(tǒng)的泄露問題、以及對(duì)材料有苛刻要求等問題。 其次,課題的背景及發(fā)展概況要進(jìn)行介紹,在設(shè)計(jì)過程中將要出現(xiàn)的難題及相應(yīng)的解決方式進(jìn)行了分析。氣動(dòng)增壓器與 曲軸式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和液壓泵的組合動(dòng)力的區(qū)別是省去了液壓泵中將 旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為泵活塞往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)斜盤機(jī)構(gòu),以及曲軸式內(nèi)燃機(jī)中將活塞的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)。第一,運(yùn)用熱力學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)方程、動(dòng)量方程等對(duì)氣動(dòng)增壓系統(tǒng)的輸出壓力、流量特性、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)描述 ,重點(diǎn)討論了氣動(dòng)增壓系統(tǒng)的輸出壓力、流量特性 ,為氣動(dòng)增壓器的研制提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。 關(guān)鍵詞: 氣動(dòng)增壓;往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng);氣針單向閥;二位五通閥;結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 氣動(dòng)增壓器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) II ABSTRACT Pneumatic supercharger is extremely low pressure gas pressure to high pressure, driven by gas, reach the effect. Pneumatic type reciprocating pump is a kind of pneumatic supercharger, belong to the new engine, is gradually in the 30 years of development, hydraulic pump piston and the cylinder piston by the piston rod of rigid connection of pneumatic supercharger piston ponent directly. Pneumatic supercharger and crankshaft engine and hydraulic pump bination of power saving is the difference between the hydraulic pump will be rotary motion into reciprocating motion of piston pump swash plate, and the crankshaft type internal bustion engine piston in reciprocating motion into rotary motion of the crank connecting rod mechanism. Pneumatic supercharger so low cost, simple structure, light weight, less number of parts, high efficiency and energy saving, etc. As a new engine, the old engine in the world today has been replaced by reciprocating pump in the practical application. First, by using thermodynamics, mathematics equation, momentum equation and the output pressure and flow rate characteristics of pneumatic supercharging system, the features of the movement of the actuator mathematical description, focuses on the output pressure and flow rate characteristics of pneumatic supercharging system, as the theoretical basis is provided for the development of pneumatic supercharger. Second, according to the system requirements specification and performance index, the basic structure parameters, the system principle, the actual situation and the control circuit, the design and calculation. Third, review the design of pneumatic supercharger, after review of the pneumatic supercharger concrete structure design. 氣動(dòng)增壓器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) III With pneumatic supercharger as design object, this paper analyzed in many aspects including pure theoretical analysis, project feasibility analysis and the establishment of the principle of hydraulic analysis, design structure and proofreading, and other aspects of the work principle of a prehensive system design. First of all, according to the performance of the system requirements, the system39。當(dāng)時(shí),國外的一些發(fā)達(dá)國家就開始了高壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)的研究,如美國、英國和法國等發(fā)達(dá)國家的某些發(fā)射裝置或者舵角控制裝置上便運(yùn)用了高壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)。這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)使其在液壓系統(tǒng)中 得到了廣泛運(yùn)用,越來越多的液壓系統(tǒng)都開始運(yùn)用流體增壓技術(shù)。 1988 年,歐洲的六個(gè)主要公司開發(fā)了 18種新機(jī)型,而近七成新機(jī)型為增壓器。 國內(nèi)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 我國增壓器技術(shù)的發(fā)展已有 50 多年的歷史,中國最早 開始引進(jìn)增壓技術(shù)是在 1958 年,經(jīng)過不斷地創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展,目前增壓技術(shù)已逐漸成形,但與發(fā)達(dá)國家還有一定差距。世界知名的蓋瑞特牌渦輪增壓器及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品專業(yè)制造和銷售來自于上?;裟犴f爾渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)有限公司。很多不可再生的自然資源面臨枯竭,能源捉襟見肘能源資源短缺問題也日益嚴(yán)重, 能源結(jié)構(gòu)的變化和人們對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)的提高,加上行走機(jī)構(gòu)中曲軸式內(nèi)燃機(jī)和液壓泵組合動(dòng)力的巨大節(jié)能空間,所以在氣動(dòng)增壓器在液壓發(fā)展的世界大舞臺(tái)上將愈加受關(guān)注,成為動(dòng)力機(jī)明星。人們可以充分發(fā)揮 液壓與氣動(dòng)各自的特點(diǎn),將其應(yīng)用在一些有特殊場(chǎng)合。 換向閥 單向閥 氣動(dòng)增壓器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 5 蓄能器 連接管路 工作過程的分析 氣動(dòng)增壓系統(tǒng)的原理 如圖 所示,通過二位五通換向閥 p1和 p2 進(jìn)入高壓氣體。此刻閥芯位于左位,高壓氣體通過PB 進(jìn)入氣缸 2 驅(qū)動(dòng)氣缸活塞運(yùn)動(dòng),氣缸另一腔氣體通 AO 排出 。蓄能器還能消除系統(tǒng)的活塞泵流量脈動(dòng)。 所以由公式 ()可寫成 ? ?1 0 2 0 kkp V p V V? ? ? ( ) 故得 11201kp VpV?? ??????? 氣動(dòng)增壓器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 11 0 1121 kVVpp????????? ( ) 又考慮到壓力脈動(dòng)系數(shù) : 21p mppp? ?? 21p mppp? ?? 中 mp 壓力脈動(dòng)的平均值為(絕對(duì)壓力, Pa) 212m ppp ?? 所以 1222 pppp ???? ? 將上式代入式 ( ) 得: 0 1212kppVV????????????? ( ) 由公式 ,如果要使系統(tǒng)壓力沒有脈動(dòng),即 p 0?? ,那么要求 V =? ,所以這不可能。取驅(qū)動(dòng)缸直徑為 dD =125mm, d =16mm ( d — 活塞桿直徑); 主閥通徑 活塞的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度為 4LT =設(shè)氣缸壓力為 222 gd dDPPD? = 則氣缸耗氣量為
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