【正文】 世的道理。t just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and today39。s to e and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new song s for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an unfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an Englishspeaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy 29 Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly petent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the monalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has bee－ how shall I put it?－ a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emerson39。s cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytimesoapstyle narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the fulllength version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What39。t help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。施工過程抓好泥漿和混凝土質(zhì)量，詳細(xì)做 好各項(xiàng)施工記錄，牢牢把好鉆孔、清孔和混凝土灌注等關(guān)鍵工序的質(zhì)量關(guān)，是防止質(zhì)量事故發(fā)生的行之有效的措施和施工質(zhì)量控制的關(guān)鍵。 圖八：澆短樁頭 6 結(jié)論 鉆孔灌注樁的施工質(zhì)量直接影響到上部結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定與安全。導(dǎo)管在混凝土面的埋置深度一般宜保持在 25m，不宜大于 6m 和小于 1m，嚴(yán)禁把導(dǎo)管提出混凝土面。 縮孔原因有兩種：一種是鉆錐焊補(bǔ)不及時(shí)，嚴(yán)重磨耗的鉆錐往往鉆出較設(shè)計(jì)樁徑稍 23 小的孔。確定坍孔后，查明原因，采取相應(yīng)的措施，防止繼續(xù)坍孔。若是第二、三種原因引，應(yīng)視具體 情況，拔換原管重下新管，或用原導(dǎo)管插入續(xù)灌。 鉆桿折斷 預(yù)防和處理：不使用彎曲嚴(yán)重的鉆桿，要求連接處絲扣完好，以螺套連接的鉆桿接頭，要有防止反轉(zhuǎn)松脫的固鎖設(shè)施；應(yīng)控制進(jìn)尺，遇堅(jiān)硬、復(fù)雜地層要仔細(xì)操作；經(jīng)常檢查鉆具各部分的磨損情況，損壞的要及時(shí)更換；如已發(fā)生鉆桿折斷事故，可按前述打撈方法將掉落鉆桿打撈上來。 土層呈斜狀分布或土層中夾有大的孤石或其它硬物等情形。搬運(yùn)和吊裝鋼筋籠時(shí)，應(yīng)防止變形，安放要對(duì)準(zhǔn)孔位，避免碰撞孔壁，鋼筋籠接長時(shí)要加快焊接時(shí)間，盡可能縮短沉放時(shí)間。經(jīng)過觀測，從樁順到樁底 21m 處的芯樣都完好密實(shí)。為防止在 處有新的斷層或蜂窩現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生，應(yīng)將鉆頭定位于 ～ 18m 處進(jìn)行二次補(bǔ)漿，直到壓注不動(dòng)為止，然后慢慢提鉆并不斷壓漿到樁頂。純堿的作用可使 Ph 值加大，使上顆粒分散，使粘粒表面負(fù)電荷增加，為粘土吸收外界的正離子顆粒提供了條 件，增加水化膜厚度，提高泥漿的膠體率和穩(wěn)定性，降低失水量；聚乙烯的作用是提高泥漿的使用性能。 鉆孔取芯近一步檢查驗(yàn)證 由于斷層較深近樁底，因此鉆機(jī)在鉆孔過程中一定要不停地對(duì)鉆機(jī)主軸進(jìn)行垂直度校正，防止鉆孔到不了 l7． 5～ l8． 0m 處就斜到樁壁以外，無法安排下道工序。 導(dǎo)管的拆卸長度應(yīng)根據(jù)導(dǎo)管內(nèi)外混凝土的上升高度而定，切勿起拔過多。 防治措施： 成孔后，必須認(rèn)真清孔，防止孔壁坍塌。 造成原因 封底時(shí)，由于導(dǎo)管底端距孔底過遠(yuǎn)，混凝土被泥漿稀釋，使水灰比增大，造成混凝土不凝固，形成混凝土樁體與基巖之間被不凝固的混凝土填充。（ 6）在灌注將近結(jié)束時(shí)，導(dǎo)管內(nèi)混凝土柱高度減小，超壓力降低，而導(dǎo)管外的泥漿及所含渣土稠度增加，比重增大。在灌注過程中要防止混凝土拌和物從漏斗頂溢出或從漏斗外掉人孔底。栓、閥還可在開始灌注時(shí)防止水 (泥漿 )與混凝土接觸。 （ 5）鋼筋焊接點(diǎn)的位置嚴(yán)格按規(guī)范錯(cuò)開，同時(shí)按要求保證必要的搭接長度。鋼筋籠上端下至護(hù)筒口時(shí)，應(yīng)再次檢查鋼筋籠的位置。每節(jié)鋼筋籠的一端，相鄰兩主筋的端頭必須分別位于同一個(gè)平面上，不允許參差不齊。 （ 3）清孔驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：測定沉渣厚度時(shí)測錘應(yīng)選≥ 重、測繩用 鋼絲?？椎啄酀{沉淀層過厚，樁底完全支承于沉淀層上，降低了樁的承載能力，易造 成橋梁整體下沉；如果孔內(nèi)泥漿比重過大，在灌注混凝土過程中，樁頂泥漿沉淀速度加快，樁頂沉淀層加厚給后期灌注混凝土的測深工作帶來困難，容易因測深不準(zhǔn)而導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)管撥漏形成斷樁。 、礫石層中鉆進(jìn)時(shí)，因土層太硬，會(huì)引起鉆錐跳動(dòng)和鉆桿擺動(dòng)加大及鉆錐偏斜等現(xiàn)象，易使鉆機(jī)超負(fù)荷損壞。易選 用尖底鉆錐、中等轉(zhuǎn)速、大泵量、稀泥漿鉆進(jìn)。接、卸鉆桿的動(dòng)作要迅速、安全，爭取在盡快時(shí)間內(nèi)完成，以免停鉆時(shí)間過長，增加孔底沉淀。 （見圖四） 圖四：沖擊鉆孔 ②鉆機(jī)安裝處事先整平夯實(shí)，以免在鉆孔過程中鉆機(jī)發(fā)生傾斜和下陷而影響成孔的質(zhì)量。為避免泥漿對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的污染，在鉆孔過程中，對(duì)沉淀池中沉碴及灌注混凝土?xí)r溢出的廢棄泥漿，隨時(shí)用汽車運(yùn)至指定地點(diǎn)堆棄。陸上樁基護(hù)筒埋設(shè)深度控制在 2m～ 4m 左右，當(dāng)挖埋時(shí)，護(hù)筒與坑壁之間用粘土填實(shí)以防漏漿。 另一種是挖坑埋放法 （見圖一） 。 （ 8） 在沖擊過程中由于鉆機(jī)在運(yùn)動(dòng)，并且在鉆頭沖擊孔底時(shí)會(huì)造成鉆機(jī)位移，導(dǎo)致鉆頭中心與樁中心偏位時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)通知測量班進(jìn)行樁位復(fù)測工作，使其在規(guī)范要求內(nèi)進(jìn)行規(guī)范的施工。 （ 2） 嵌巖樁施工要求：要求清孔干凈，樁底沉淀土厚度不大于 5cm，鉆孔樁孔位偏差不大于 10cm，傾斜度不大于 ‰。s quality and progress, even gave investors would be great for Jing Ji She Hui losses and adverse effects. Therefore, the required construction team based on technical measures in the construction, we should implement, and enhance construction quality management, close attention to grasp every aspect of the construction process quality, and strive to eliminate hidden dangers before the pile. Therefore, before the construction design drawings and familiar with the serious construction, acceptance, verification, and the pile of geological information, on the piles in the construction process may occur after analyzing some of the issues worked out construction quality standards, inspection implementation program and record of each pile in order to effectively control construction quality of the pile. This article describes the quality control of bored pile construction, drilling, hole cleaning, hole process control methods, often fail to rule out the concrete measures and irrigation water quality testing methods and methods of perfusion. Key words Bored, bored, clean hole, pouring underwater concrete。施工中任何一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)出現(xiàn)問題，都將直接影響到整個(gè)工程的質(zhì)量和進(jìn)度，甚至給投資者造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和不良的社會(huì)影響。目前 公路橋梁基礎(chǔ)工程領(lǐng)域中鉆孔灌注樁基礎(chǔ)已占據(jù)了重要地 位，但灌注樁地下施工不可預(yù)計(jì)因素多，工程質(zhì)量較難控制，樁基施工既有機(jī)械操作，又有鋼筋加工、混凝土拌制和灌注等多種工作，工序種類繁多，影響因素多，水下混凝土施工要求嚴(yán)格，稍有不慎，就可能出現(xiàn)孔底沉泥、縮頸、夾渣、斷樁等，可能造成質(zhì)量事故，因此，施工中必須嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管質(zhì)量。 （ 5） 鋼筋籠可分段加工，吊放時(shí)接長，鋼筋籠主筋的接長可采用機(jī)械連接或焊接，街頭位置要滿足規(guī)范要求鋼筋籠下放時(shí)應(yīng)采用有效的定位措施，以便鋼筋籠準(zhǔn)確就位。 選擇好合適的施工機(jī)具是實(shí)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量控制的首要前提泥漿循環(huán)回轉(zhuǎn)鉆進(jìn)成孔灌注樁的施工機(jī)