【正文】 ............................................ 4 設(shè)計(jì)階段的造價(jià)控制 .................................................. 4 在材料品種及規(guī)格方面的造價(jià)控制 ...................................... 5 控制成本費(fèi)用支出 .................................................... 5 施工過程中損耗量的造價(jià)控制 .......................................... 6 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................. 7 北京航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 第 1 頁 1 建筑裝飾工程的特點(diǎn) 建筑裝飾工程，是指在工程技術(shù)與建筑藝術(shù)綜合創(chuàng)作的基礎(chǔ)上，對建筑物或構(gòu)筑物的局部或全部進(jìn)行修飾打扮與裝飾點(diǎn)綴的一種再創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)活動。 工程造價(jià)估算精確度低下 在建筑裝修裝修工程項(xiàng)目投資前期，由于對工程量的勘察估計(jì)不夠準(zhǔn)確，也使得在這個階段的投資估算缺乏準(zhǔn)確性，同時，很多施工單位對工程造價(jià)的估算和控制不夠嚴(yán)格，對工程施工工藝和施工方案審核不夠嚴(yán)密，為了在激烈的市場競爭中取得項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)施工權(quán)利，一定程度的低估整體工程造價(jià)來提高工程項(xiàng)目的批準(zhǔn)通過率。主要表現(xiàn)在：首先是虛 報(bào)工作量，通過采取不同的計(jì)量方法和不同的計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增加工程量或工作的項(xiàng)目。②各種裝飾方案在功能．環(huán)境及投資等方面進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)，協(xié)助業(yè)主正確優(yōu)選方案避免唯美主義或唯經(jīng)濟(jì)觀點(diǎn)。⑦重視設(shè)計(jì)審核，確保設(shè)計(jì)圖紙的完整性以及各專業(yè)的配套．協(xié)調(diào)及施工的可能性。要對采購工人進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的管理和監(jiān)督，保證采購費(fèi)用在控制范圍內(nèi)，制定限額采購工作包及工作包價(jià)格，并對限額采購進(jìn)行跟蹤，對各種超出范圍的費(fèi)用要嚴(yán)格審 核對比，嚴(yán)格將采購清單和實(shí)際支出費(fèi)用做出整合。構(gòu)件加工與工程分包都要通過經(jīng)濟(jì)合同來明 北京航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 第 6 頁 確雙方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)， 簽訂 合同時，必須堅(jiān)持“以施工圖預(yù)算控制合同金額”的原則，不允許合同金額超過施工圖預(yù)算。家裝行業(yè)一般遵循 5%的損耗率，若發(fā)現(xiàn)超過此比例，業(yè)主應(yīng)請承包方給予合理的解釋說明。s Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentine39。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their ha ppy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。所以預(yù)算材料的數(shù)量中應(yīng)加入實(shí)際中損耗的工程量。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部在簽訂勞務(wù)合同時，應(yīng)將人工費(fèi)單價(jià)確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低于對外承包合同中的人工單價(jià)，其余留部分考慮用于定額外人工費(fèi)和關(guān)鍵工序的獎勵費(fèi)等。例如鋁塑板，有單、雙面之分，無論單、雙面鋁塑板，又有 3ram 厚和 4mm 厚之分。由于裝飾材料的發(fā)展很快，其市場價(jià)格變動非常頻繁，及時準(zhǔn)確地掌握 裝飾材料市場變化信息是提高方案概算準(zhǔn)確度的基本條件。進(jìn)而影響到業(yè)主構(gòu)想實(shí)施成功與否。由于在這一部分中，各種材料能源等消耗大大增強(qiáng)了成本的支出。 3．裝飾類新材料不斷涌現(xiàn)和廣泛使用，新施工工藝和新技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展更新，引起設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度很低，使許多分部分項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品的批量較小，瑣碎而雜亂。除內(nèi)外裝飾、家具、燈具、潔具，電器設(shè)備外， 還常包括中央空調(diào)、閉路電視監(jiān)控，消防噴淋．消防報(bào)警等諸多系統(tǒng)工程，是具有較高藝術(shù)欣賞性和實(shí)用性的大型綜合性工程。因此，建筑裝飾工程須依附于已完工程的結(jié)構(gòu)主體 (土建工程 )，但又具備如下一些特點(diǎn)： 1．當(dāng)前的建筑裝飾工程不僅在設(shè)計(jì)上和施工上包含了建筑工程的許多傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目，而且如家具類、裝潢類，以到弱電安裝類也常常出現(xiàn)在裝飾工程設(shè)計(jì)圖中，成為發(fā)包項(xiàng)目的組成部分，使裝飾工程更復(fù)雜。這些因素都使得在前期的工程造價(jià)