【正文】 or by banning the sport altogether. The issue is not how hazardous boxing is but whether the hazards are acceptable. The term autism refers to a cluster of conditions appearing early in childhood. All involve severe impairments in social interaction, munication, imaginative abilities, and rigid, repetitive behaviors. To be considered an autistic disorder, some of these impairments must be manifest before the age of three. The reference book used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental disorders is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , also known as the DSM. The 2021 edition of this reference book (the Fourth Edition Text Revision known as DSMIVTR ) places autism in a category called pervasive developmental disorders . All of these disorders are characterized by ongoing problems with mutual social interaction and munication, or the presence of strange, repetitive behaviors,interests, and activities. People diagnosed with these disorders are affected in many ways for their entire lives. Description Each child diagnosed with an autistic disorder differs from every other, and so general descriptions of autistic behavior and characteristics do not apply equally to every child. Still, the mon impairments in social interaction, munication and imagination, and rigid, repetitive behaviors make it possible to recognize children with these disorders, as they differ markedly from healthy children in many ways. Many parents of autistic children sense that something is not quite right even when their children are infants. The infants may have feeding problems, dislike being changed or bathed, or fuss over any change in routine. They may hold their bodies rigid, making it difficult for parents to cuddle them. Or, they may fail to anticipate being lifted, lying passively while the parent reaches for them, rather than holding their arms up in return. Most parents of autistic children bee aware of the strangeness of these and other behaviors only gradually. Impairments in social interaction are usually among the earliest symptoms to develop. The most mon social impairment is a kind of indifference to other people, or aloofness, even towards parents and close caregivers. The baby may fail to respond to his or her name being called and may show very little facial expression unless extremely angry, upset, or happy. Babies with autism may resist being touched, and appear to be lost in their own world, far from human interaction. Between seven and 10 months of age, most infants often resist being separated from a parent or wellknown caregiver, but these infants may show no disturbance when picked up by a stranger. Other children with autism may be very passive, although less resistant to efforts by others to interact. However, they do not initiate social interaction themselves. Still others may attempt to engage with adults and peers, but in ways that strike others as inappropriate, or odd. In adolescence and adulthood, some of the higherfunctioning individuals with autistic disorders may appear overly formal and polite. They may react with little spontaneity, as if social interaction doesn39。s condition between rounds and may remend that the contest be stopped. Doctors also examine each boxer at the conclusion of fights and paramedic teams must be on hand at all boxing bills. The medical profession in several countries has increasingly adopted an antiboxing stance, citing irreversible brain damage as its major objection to the sport. This is a key point for, in absolute terms of deaths and serious injuries, other sports such as horseracing, mountaineering, rugby, and even cricket appear more dangerous, but in none of them is deliberate and repeated striking of an opponent part of the rules of the game. In contrast a boxer has a licence for physical assault. The evidence is clear that repeated pummelling to the head can cause cumulative damage to the brain: here time is no great healer. Occasionally, acute brain injury can occur during a fight. The greatest danger es towards the end when a tired man with a loose neck has his head flipped back rapidly by a punch. This can tear a vein outside or inside the brain, which then leaks blood, causing pressure on the brain and eventually leading to a a. Only if the clot is removed rapidly can the fighter survive. Fighters now train harder。 boxing is a human bloodsport in which the intention is to hurt one39。 第十一章 基坑開挖環(huán)境監(jiān)測及應急措施 基坑監(jiān)測 因該基坑周邊環(huán)境較好，但是地層較差，為了確保工程順利施工以及基坑安全，該 工程必須制定嚴密的監(jiān)測方案，采用信息法施工，因基坑監(jiān)測不在本單位施工范圍內，故本施工方案略。 項目經理部指派副經理主抓文明施工、環(huán)境保護工作，并實行責任承包制，將文明施工和環(huán)境保護與各作業(yè)組管 理人員工資考核掛鉤。用手柄起動的機械應注意手柄倒轉傷人，向機械加油時要嚴禁煙火。臨時用電工程的安裝、維修和拆除，均由經過培訓并取得上崗證的電工完成，非專業(yè)電工不準進行電工作業(yè)。 ⑤ . 做好安全防范工作，落實各項防洪、 防雷、防暴雨、防大風、防火、防煤氣工作，做好用電防范工作。 （ 7 ）精心組織、周密安排，保證材料設備提前到位，避免施工待料，保證施工機具完好率，并設有經驗的機修人員對機械設備進行維修保養(yǎng)，避免因機械設備材料原因造成窩工及工期延誤。 質量體系主要要素控制 13 ① .物資采購質量控制； ② .業(yè)主提供產品的控制； ③ .產品標識和可追溯性： ④ .施工過程 控制： ⑤ . 冬季施工應按冬季施工要求進行施工： ⑥ .不合格品的控制： ⑦ .糾正和預防措施： ⑧ .質量記錄。 c. 制訂和實施項目工程質量計劃，加強施工過程的控制，對因技術管理原因造成的重大、大質量事故負全責。 b. 根據質量計劃，結合工程的實際，建立健全組織機構，配齊所需資源，落實質量責任制，保證質量體系的有效運行。 施工人員安排 因該基坑支護工程施工工序較多，每一施工工序均安排專業(yè)隊伍進場施工，因此其施工人員安排按工序分別安排。 。 5. 基坑開挖過程中，土方應隨挖隨運，不得隨意堆置于基坑周邊。 坡面噴射砼采用細石砼，砼標號為 C20 ， 配合比為水泥：砂：石子＝ 1:2: ， 水灰比為 ～ ，石子采用粒徑為 5mm 左右的瓜米石。待一批鋼管錨桿都放入后用注漿泵統(tǒng)一注漿，且對噴錨面層進行初噴。 主要施工方法 噴錨支護施工 根據 支護設計方案 , 本基坑采用垂直開挖、復合噴錨支護。