微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)課件中英(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The CircularFlow Diagram Firms Households Market for Factors of Production Market for Goods and Services Spending Revenue Wages, rent, and profit Ine Goods amp。 Services u Firms sell u Households buy Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界闡明的概念 u 效率 u 權(quán)衡取舍 u 機(jī)會(huì)成本 u 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 被稱為命令性分析。 Positive 規(guī)范性 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 華盛頓 的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家 n 一些 收集 經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)并制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的政府部門 : 228。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一直同意的 10個(gè)主張 主張以及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家同意的百分比 1. 租金上限減少了可得到的住房數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。（ 79％） 9. 政府應(yīng)該按“負(fù)所得稅”的思路重建福利制度。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Summary u The field of economics is divided into two subfields: microeconomics and macroeconomics. u Microeconomists study decisionmaking by households and firms in the marketplace. u Macroeconomists study the forces and trends that affect the economy as a whole. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 實(shí)證表述是關(guān)于世界 是什么 的論斷。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Graphical Review Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Risk of Cancer Number of Lighters in House 0 Figure 2A6 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 在 其他一些時(shí)候，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家在他們提供的建議上相互一直，但是政策制訂者可能選擇不采納。 u normative statements is an assertion about how the world “ought to be”. u When economists make normative statements, they are acting more as policy advisors than scientists. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 兩個(gè) 簡(jiǎn)單的經(jīng)濟(jì)模型是經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)圖和生產(chǎn)可能性邊界。（ 84％） 7. 巨額聯(lián)邦預(yù)算赤字對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有不利影響。 u They may hold different values and, thus, different normative views. 他們可能有不同的價(jià)值觀，因此就有不同的規(guī)范性觀點(diǎn)。 Congressional Budget Office ? 228。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. ? ? ? ? Positive or Normative Statements? 實(shí)證性還是規(guī)范性表述？ The ine gains from a higher minimum wage are worth more than any slight reductions in employment. 提高最低工資水平得到的利益比由此帶來(lái)的稍微的就業(yè)減少造成的損失大 Positive 規(guī)范性 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 被稱為描述性分析。 u 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 研究經(jīng)濟(jì)總體現(xiàn)象。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Production Possibilities Frontier 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界 Quantity of Computers Produced Quantity of Cars Produced 3,000 1,000 2,000 2,200 A 700 600 300 0 1,000 B C D Production possibilities frontier 電腦產(chǎn)量 汽車產(chǎn)量 生產(chǎn) 可能性邊界 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)流向圖 家庭 u 購(gòu)買并消費(fèi)物品與勞務(wù) u 擁有并出售所有生產(chǎn)要素 企業(yè) u 生產(chǎn)并出售物品與勞務(wù) u 雇傭并使用生產(chǎn)要素 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The CircularFlow Model 經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)流向圖 The circularflow model is a simple way to visually show the economic transactions that occur between households and firms in the economy. 循環(huán)流向圖 ——一個(gè)直觀地說(shuō)明一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體內(nèi)家庭和企業(yè)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)交易行為的簡(jiǎn)單方式。 u 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家利用不同的假設(shè)來(lái)回答不同的問(wèn)題。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 每個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域都有自己的語(yǔ)言 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 供給 需求 彈性 消費(fèi)者剩余 比較優(yōu)勢(shì) 機(jī)會(huì)成本 無(wú)謂損失 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Every field of study has its own termin
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