【正文】 azadNuKNamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%MadNuKNamp。ksv*adNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuG。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz84!z89Amv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^GjqvadNuKNamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9amp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。QA9wkxFyeQ^!djsXuyUP2kNXpRWXmAamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。QA9wkxFyeQ^!djsXuyUP2kNXpRWXmAamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。結(jié)果是經(jīng)由平均等候時(shí)間和最大等待時(shí)間（同時(shí)給出了秒），如表3 和 表 4. 表 3 平均和最大等待時(shí)間（改革前） 表 4 平均和最大等待時(shí)間（改革后） 不平行運(yùn)行改革前，在高峰和低谷時(shí)的平均等待時(shí)間和最小等待時(shí)間都比改革后要長(zhǎng)。其次是人們常常認(rèn)為的電梯作為純函數(shù)的對(duì)象，對(duì)他們中的大多數(shù)人來說坐電梯大部分時(shí)間就是在等。另一種就是電梯的一組控制。 電梯的樓層停止 圖 6 顯示了電梯 停止功能 的梯形圖 。 電梯的方向 電梯可能向上或 向下運(yùn)行，這取決于轎廂呼叫與廳門呼叫的組合。當(dāng)電梯被驅(qū)動(dòng)器操控時(shí)，廳門呼叫不會(huì)被響應(yīng)并且電梯不會(huì)在乘客想要下的樓層停下來。這被稱為轎廂呼叫寄存。在這里我們用西門子 PLC S7200 CPU226 的集中選擇控制方法和其擴(kuò)展模塊。 （ 2） 兩個(gè)電梯并列運(yùn)行 在這種情形下，有兩個(gè)電梯同時(shí)為這棟大樓服務(wù)。 除了第一層和頂層以外，每一層在樓層控制盤上都有兩個(gè)按鈕，一個(gè)用于請(qǐng)求電梯上行，一個(gè)用于請(qǐng)求電梯下行。維護(hù)模式具有最高優(yōu)先權(quán)。在轎廂門上有兩個(gè)傳感器，這兩個(gè)傳感器能通知控制系統(tǒng)門的位置。 信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng) 電梯的控制信號(hào)主要有 PLC 來實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此，受企業(yè)委托，我們把住宅樓中用繼電器控制的電氣控制系統(tǒng)改善用 PLC 來控制。他還給出了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵方面 —— 梯形圖。 to minimize the time spent by passengers waiting for service。 on the contrary, when the current direction of the elevator is down, ?s contacts are opened. to denotes the carcalls? stopping request signal of floor 2 to floor 8 respectively. This program has two functions: (1) Make the elevator response the normal down hallcalls when it is moving down, and when a down hallcall is served, its registration is canceled. (2) When the elevator is moving up, the corresponding floor?s down hallcall it passing by is not served and the registration is remained. The cancellation of down hallcalls is reversed with up hallcalls. . Elevator’s direction The elevator may be moving up or down, depending on the bination of hallcalls and carcalls. The following ladder diagram in illustrates that the elevator will move up. Figure5 shows that when the calls corresponding floor is higher than the elevator?s current location, the elevator will go up. Here the auxiliary relay is used as the upmoving flag. When the elevator is moving up, the upmoving lamp is illuminated, so the is connected on. When the elevator arrives the top floor, the upmoving lamp is off and the timer starts. After , the is disconnected, the upmoving display is off. Here we used to replace which can ensure the cancellation?s reliability. . Elevator’s floorstopping Figure6 shows the ladder diagram of the elevator?s floorstopping function. As showed in Figure6, is the flag of floorstopping signal. is the floorstopping signal sent by the driver. is the fire signal sent by the fire switch. And is the forced speed changing signal. When either of these contacts act, the system should send out the floorstopping signal. . Minimum waiting time algorithm in traffic of elevator systems, there are two types of control task usually. The one is the basic control function to mand each elevator to move up or down, to stop or start and to open and close the door. The other is the control of a group of elevators. The main requirements of a group control system in serving both, car and hall calls, should be: to provide even service to every floor in a building。本文給出了基本結(jié)構(gòu)，控制原理和詳細(xì)的 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。繼電氣控制系統(tǒng)有一些缺陷，比如復(fù)雜的電路，高故障率，低可靠性，并極大的影響電梯的運(yùn)行質(zhì)量。因此，原控制柜的缺陷如過高的電壓和高噪音被有效的克服了。電梯的轎廂門可以由門電機(jī)打開或關(guān)閉。 （ 1） 單個(gè)電梯運(yùn)行 一般來講，一個(gè)電梯有三個(gè)操作步驟：正常模式，防火保護(hù)模式和維護(hù)模式。當(dāng)相應(yīng)樓層被電梯訪問時(shí)，亮著的按鈕將熄滅。 如果電梯沒有請(qǐng)求，那么它將會(huì)保持在當(dāng)前樓層，并關(guān)上廳門。 由于調(diào)用的時(shí)間，調(diào)用的位置和乘客的目的地的隨機(jī)性，電梯控制系統(tǒng)成為了一個(gè)典型的實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)有人按下樓層控制板上的按鈕時(shí)信號(hào)將會(huì)被寄存并且相應(yīng)的燈會(huì)被點(diǎn)亮。當(dāng)某層有停車信號(hào)，相對(duì)應(yīng)的樓層將會(huì)輸出停止信號(hào)。 向下的轎廂呼叫請(qǐng)求取消逆轉(zhuǎn)向上的轎廂呼叫。這里我們使用 取代 ，可確保可靠取消。一種是基本控制功能到命令每個(gè)電梯上下移動(dòng)，停止或開始打開或關(guān)閉廳門。相對(duì)于辦公樓和購(gòu)物中心，交通流是相對(duì)較低的住宅，甚至在每一層樓。在這種情況下，只有一個(gè)電梯運(yùn)行。849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTyamp。849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTyamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89Amv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5u