【正文】 ices and Legal Services groups, assisted by the Civil Engineering Consultants mentioned in 167。 (ii) the testing and mission of the works。聯(lián)邦的工程師將重心集中在其定義和它在國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)建筑行業(yè)中所起的作用上。 同樣的，分項(xiàng)工程 2 是由在法國(guó)境內(nèi)所有新的地上和地下結(jié)構(gòu)而構(gòu)成點(diǎn) 5。而工程合同中挖掘隧道 TI8 將只能被放置在瑞士完成。 （ iv） 交鑰匙 合同是一種一次性交齊全部費(fèi)用的合約。 從雇主的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)講，較多的危險(xiǎn)也意味著更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)彈性。 定額國(guó)際歌 des Ing 233。 3. FIDIC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件修正證明指導(dǎo) ： 一些項(xiàng)目涉及準(zhǔn)備工程合同：購(gòu)買的服務(wù)和合法的服務(wù)集合的土木工程，土木工程顧問(wèn)協(xié)助和 Norton Rose 的 一個(gè)大的合法的專攻工程法律英國(guó)顧問(wèn)團(tuán)在 167。 由于 CERN 作為一個(gè)政府之間的組織和它內(nèi)在的購(gòu)買和管理規(guī)則，需要引進(jìn)其他的修正措施。 此外，提供競(jìng)標(biāo)程序 （被包含在競(jìng)標(biāo)之中的合同形式文件）被視為 “追隨者”，也就是，承包商沒有討論合同條款的權(quán)利。他將嚴(yán)格地遵守工程師的指導(dǎo)，除了那些合同中雇主所明確說(shuō)明的部分。 在現(xiàn)階段，承包商已經(jīng)通過(guò)信息「他們考慮」表明他們害怕因合同的不平衡性和 CERN 所占優(yōu)勢(shì)可能會(huì)影響整個(gè)工程的順利進(jìn)行。最后，一個(gè)另外的有關(guān)議題是合同像在 167。 2 中的評(píng)論與合同彈性有關(guān)，必須提到的是針對(duì)投標(biāo)／合同的任何修正在量、規(guī)格，接口以及與其他承包商和現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備以及危險(xiǎn)的接口將會(huì)有一種直接的費(fèi)用沖擊。我們不僅已經(jīng)詳細(xì)地說(shuō)明從傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中的一部份釋放的合同，而且我們也將會(huì)從一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的、有希望的、快速的爭(zhēng)論決議機(jī)制中選出的能勝任的人執(zhí)行合同管理。 因?yàn)樵谶@一個(gè)階段上 ，我們扮演的是’魔鬼的律師’。 雇主也將對(duì)所有其他 CERN 小組之間的接口限制和最后管理、小組和工程師以及承包商負(fù)責(zé)。 承包商將對(duì)工程的所有位置操作和方法的適當(dāng)、安定和安全負(fù)責(zé)。另一方面，事實(shí)可能會(huì)在以下方面更加暴露 CERN：（ i）幾乎沒有（不）沒有合法的先例判斷潛在的要求這種類型的合同形式。 （只對(duì)于分項(xiàng)工程 2 有效 。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)競(jìng)標(biāo)文件的合同中不只包括合同的形式和技術(shù)方面問(wèn)題，同時(shí)也包括所有其他競(jìng)標(biāo)或 非合同的文件比如邀請(qǐng)的競(jìng)標(biāo)、出價(jià)介紹等問(wèn)題。 FIDIC 是這些協(xié)會(huì)之一 , （ F 233。 這意味著：從合同類型 （ i）到類型 （ iv） , 固有的合同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)正從雇主一方減少?gòu)亩诔邪痰囊环皆黾印? 一些合同術(shù)語(yǔ)被普遍地用于建筑行業(yè)中： （ i）合同額外費(fèi)用為直接的合同工程債務(wù)加上協(xié)定好的利潤(rùn)額外費(fèi)用 。而分項(xiàng)工程 3 則是由被英國(guó)的布朗公司和西班牙的合資企業(yè) Intecsa共同設(shè) 計(jì)完成。 1. 介紹 LHC 工程在土木工程著作中被分為三個(gè)主要部份，附加的一個(gè)部分是開鑿隧道 TI8 。 定額國(guó)際 des Ing 233。 (v) The defects liability period will be extended from two to ten years. As a direct result of CERN’s status as an intergovernmental Organization and its internal purchasing and administrative rules, an additional modification needed to be introduced. This basically impacted the overall spirit of FIDIC document and had to do with the role of each party to the Contract. FIDIC’s standard documents provide the ‘Engineer’ (Consultant’s construction manager, responsible for the whole site supervision) with the power of not only instructing any necessary variations to the works, but also evaluate and certify contractor’s invoices. In other words, mitting funds of the Employer. Since this procedure conflicts with CERN’s rules, it was necessary to considerably reduce the powers of the ‘Engineer’ under the Contract increasing accordingly the Employer’s role (see 167。nieurs Conseils),which is a reputable supranational and worldwide Federation of Consulting Engineers focused inthe definition and regulation of the role of many parties involved with the International Construction Industry. One of FIDIC’s documents is the ‘Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction’1, which is a model Form of Contract for civil engineering the fact that (i) FIDIC is internationally known。sold of the United Kingdom. Package 2 was awarded to a joint venture of Gibb (United Kingdom), SGI (Switzerland) and Geoconsult (Austria), and 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè) 設(shè)計(jì) 資料翻譯 3 package 3 to a joint venture of Brown amp。a CastelBranco ST Division – Civil Engineering Group (ST/CE) CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract： The contracts for the civil engineering construction of the LHC are basedupon the standard FIDIC (F233。 and package 3, excluding Injection Tunnel TI8, to the Anglo French consortium of Taylor Woodrow, Amec and Spie Batignolles. The construction contract for Injection tunnel TI8 will be placed on the Swiss market only. 2. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: One of the critical factors for the success of the procurement and subsequent management of largeconstruction projects is the Contract strategy, ., the type of Contract to adopt. Knowing thatCERN’s past experience in this field was not entirely successful and given CERN’s characteristics in terms of organization and work procedures, we were able to identify several potential weaknesses in CERN that could undermine our position as Employer (client). It was obvious that this potential weakness should be removed from the Contract. The Contract is a document that defines the ‘Scope of Services’ and is posed by two interdependent parts: (i) the Legal and Commercial Section, entitled the Form of Contract, and (ii) the Technical Section. The Technical Section is where the ‘Scope of Services’ or the ‘Product’ is fully described in terms of layout, specifications, requirements, planning and risks. In the Form of Contract are stated the Contract management rules, the role and interfaces of each party and where is allocated the inherent Contract risk. Several types of Contracts are monly used in the construction industry: (i) Costplus Contracts, which contractors are reimbursed for the direct construction costs plus an agreed profit premium (usually a percentage of the direct construction costs)。1 and Norton Rose a large British legal consultant specialized in constructio