【正文】 萬元。相當數(shù)量的企業(yè)存在：作業(yè)方法缺乏科學性、系統(tǒng)性、標準化，主要憑經(jīng)驗和個人意愿行事；作業(yè)方法的改進一般來源于工人自發(fā)進行的個人行為；仍然采用粗略的經(jīng)驗估算方法制定時間定額，時間定額標準很不統(tǒng)一等。 結(jié)論： 隨著現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大，企業(yè)的規(guī)模日益擴大，其基礎數(shù)據(jù)也越來越龐大，而且基礎數(shù)據(jù)更新速度明顯加快，傳統(tǒng)手工的工作研究已經(jīng)不能滿足 現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的需要。s economic engine is running strong pillars and to create defined as: the creation, development, support and provide products and services required by the process of the process And organizational entities. 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT that manufacturers include: product planning, design and development, sales and service and the achievement of these functions by the use of the technology and processes, and to enable the integration of technology and human way. As an industry, modern manufacturing has expanded to include: hardware, software or integrated hardware and software, biotechnology and agricultural production of certain products. China39。 1981, the route (Reuter) for enterprise applications of industrial engineering survey shows that the United States more than 90 percent of enterprise applications work Research, of which percent of the enterprise application of research, percent of the operations of enterprise applications, enterprises improve the productivity of 51 percent in Japan, the former Federal Republic of Germany, France, Australia and other developed countries and China39。 Dalian plant application of the 13 radio research, improve Shoulu Ji assembly line efficiency from % Increased to percent, double the daily output from 102 to 204 TaiwanTaiwan。 still use a rough estimation method developed experience in the fixed time, Standard time is not fixed reunification. These conditions led to corporate data based on the practicality and accuracy of poor, can not play for top panies to provide reliable support for decisionmaking role. A. work on technology in hand, and restrictions on the work of the universal: With the scientific and technological progress, development and production of puter technology in industrial engineering in the field of application, it is necessary to improve the method and scale of efficiency and quality of work, but work on technology has long been dependent on the skill level of operations Has been designed by researchers working with its work。 the annual ine of million Yuan, labor productivity increased 16% to 18%, investment efficiency ratio of 1:33. For example, the Beijing Machine Tool Research use of electrical appliances pany, the transformation of three production lines, production doubled, the additional output value of million Yuan, profits and taxes add million Yuan。s largest national economy, the future industrial projects can not be ignored, should actively participate in its improvement and innovation. 5) Employees in the education and training innovation. Now, it has bee a matter of fact play a role in industrial engineering in important areas. The future demand of industrial projects in education and training of staff and intelligence cooperation system software development will play a greater role. 6) Process (the process) technology research and development. Process design and recycling of industrial project is to improve the methods, work / business and operations of organizationwide performance, the important methods and tools. It includes: process design and recycling (PDR), a technology and questionnaire design, action to improve economic principles and methods, the time to study / work determination, organization performance measurement systems, and engineering methods and decisionmaking and other traditional industries to work on innovative projects And improvement. Research work in the development and application of domestic and international situation Research work is a classic industrial engineering, end of the 19th century originated in the United States and in Western countries and the wider use of rapid development. In foreign countries, information technology has been fully involved in research work in various applications, puterassisted research work has bee a work of research and development and application of the trend. In China, work on the application at the initial stage, there are still many issues requiring urgent solution. This article discusses the research work in the development and application of domestic and international situation and proposed a solution of China39。 總之，對于我國企業(yè)，實施工作研究并不斷創(chuàng)新，探索工作研究理論與信息技術的結(jié)合途徑，開發(fā)并應用計算機輔助工作研究系統(tǒng) (CAWS 系統(tǒng) )，成為解決我國工作研究領域問題和矛盾的必經(jīng)之路。究其原因，固然有軟件商對這一領域的忽視，但其主要原因卻暴露了國內(nèi)企業(yè)對基礎數(shù)據(jù)的漠視態(tài)度，對工作研究軟件缺乏系統(tǒng)的認識。這樣形成的基礎數(shù)據(jù)，其準確性、及時性、規(guī)范性和可靠性一般都比較差，很難為各種管理決策提供可靠的支持。從 1985 年開始，機電行業(yè)部分企業(yè)推行了工作研究。工作研究軟件更是層出不窮，而且功能越來越強大，操作界面也日益人性化。 工作研究在國外的發(fā)展與應用上已有上百年歷史， 60 年代以前就已經(jīng)進入了成熟期。 流程設計與再造是改進工業(yè)工程方法、工作 /作業(yè)測定和企業(yè) “全組織業(yè)績 ”的重要方法與工具。同時 ,工業(yè)工程還應該繼續(xù)利用 TOC 理論、 DBD(基于決策的設計 )等理論在組織的系統(tǒng)管理、發(fā)揮人因作用 ,特別是為建立管理系統(tǒng)工程學做出應有的貢獻。 ② 約束是阻止 (企業(yè) )系統(tǒng)按其目標達到更高業(yè)績水平的因素 (APICS,2020)。工業(yè)工程師們應該積極進行信息系統(tǒng)及其軟件工具的研究開發(fā) ,特別是 SCM、 CRM,XRP(擴展的資源規(guī)劃 ),以及電子貿(mào)易 (e2C)、電子商務 (e2B)和知識管理的工程系統(tǒng)的研究、開發(fā)與利用。 ⑨ 員工的教育與培訓 (Workforce Education and Training)。 ⑤ 企業(yè)建模與仿真 (Enterprise Modeling and Simulation)。 RMSs 是對傳統(tǒng)制造系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃、設計、建造與運行理論和方法的創(chuàng)新 ,它利用系統(tǒng)組元 /模塊組態(tài) (布局 )的可變性與可更新性實現(xiàn)制造系統(tǒng)的可變性。 ④ 消除或控制污染 ,提高企業(yè)對環(huán)境的適應性。 1999 年麻省理工學院 MIT 認為制造包括 :產(chǎn)品的規(guī)劃、設計與開發(fā)、銷售與服務和實現(xiàn)這些職能所運用的技術與流程 ,以及使技術與人結(jié)合的途徑。 1998 年美國國家研究委員會 NRC 證實 ,制造仍然是創(chuàng)造社會財富最基本的手段 ,是國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)動機運行的強大支柱 ,并把制造定義為 :創(chuàng)造、開發(fā)、支持和提供產(chǎn)品與服務所要求的流程過程和組織實體。發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡制造和基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與內(nèi)部網(wǎng)的溝通。制造的實踐證明 ,在企業(yè)的三個核心競爭要素中 ,制造系統(tǒng)經(jīng)常成為滿足顧客需求的新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)上市和快速響應市場的商務活動的瓶頸。它是利用生物技術實現(xiàn)自動化裝配和加工的新一代制造技術。它是解決機器與人接口問題的新一代人機工程技術 ,重點解決物理接口設計和增強員工學習能力的問題。信息系統(tǒng)是提供經(jīng)過處理的信息流和精確數(shù)據(jù)與信息的網(wǎng)絡 ,其核心功能是信息的處理和存儲保存。為了達到 TSS,企業(yè)的目標是 “將來同現(xiàn)在一樣賺錢 ”,以凈利潤、投資回報率和現(xiàn)金流三個指標度量企業(yè)業(yè)績 ,用產(chǎn)銷量、庫存和運行費用測度企業(yè)的運作 ,以 “產(chǎn)銷量最大化、庫存與運行費用最小化 ”作為優(yōu)化企業(yè)運作的目標判據(jù)。其核心是建立 “超過顧客期望 ”的企業(yè)文化 ,每天用 106(6σ)或 0. 287106 (6. 5σ)測定所有員工 和崗位業(yè)績差錯 ,用每五年壓縮運行時間 10 倍測定效率的提升。 6) 流程 (過程 )技術的研究與開發(fā) 。 20 世紀它對各工業(yè)化國家的高速發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻，被公認是建立企業(yè)基礎標準、提高生產(chǎn)力的重要手 段，在工業(yè)發(fā)展體系中起著舉