外文翻譯---高新科技領(lǐng)域和納米技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的競爭力(存儲版)
【正文】 t supports the basics in various areas of industry. (3) Two problems in the shift towards basic research From the viewpoint of industrial petitiveness, however, this shift towards basic research has raised two problems. The first relates to what many see as an excessive emphasis on basic over applied research in many areas. This has led to a significant cutback in the number of largescale research and development projects that entail shared final objectives (., highperformance mainframe puters, largecapacity memory systems, and superhighdensity LSI applications). Moreover, this trend of shifting towards the basics has not been limited to government efforts only. Similarly, private sector panies have seemingly responded en masse to the nation39。s shift towards basic 3 research—a phenomenon that is perhaps best symbolized by the number of basic research laboratories established by major Japanese panies. Like the boom in setting up central laboratories that occurred in the high growth era of the 1960s, a similar rush to open laboratories devoted to basic research started to take place. For example, Hitachi, Ltd. established a basic research laboratory under its central laboratories in 1985. While one would assume that the relative importance of basic vs. applied research is not a matter to be determined by the proximity of mercially feasible applications, some panies were so caught in this basic research boom that they tended to neglect research and development activities in fields that were only steps away from practical realization. As a result, efforts to strengthen petitiveness in typical hightech products such as semiconductors, magic memories, optical munications, and liquid crystal displays (LCDs) were neglected. The second problem in the shift towards the basics by the government and the private sector was the climate of pushing forward almost blindly without fully digesting the essence of basic research or adopting a methodology for its promotion. In short, a mindset began to take hold that saw the success of basic research as wholly dependent on the skills of those conducting such research. This scenario essentially discouraged any effort to evaluate the progress of research during the process itself on the grounds that everything should await the final stage once the researchers had been selected and their skills identified. For example, the Technology Research and Development Program for NextGeneration Industrial Infrastructures adopted an implementation period of ten years for each theme. The program divided this period into two phases, with an evaluation at the end of the first phase to determine the appropriateness of continuing the research. As it turned out, however, this evaluation system had never worked effectively when it was first adopted. Consequently, the situation became one in which there were many small, independent basic research themes, which offered creativity but had little objective review from the outside. As a result, the system led to the establishment of a plethora of what were essentially isolated outposts spread across an extensive field of basic research. While some of them housed excellent researchers, predominance among the various independent entities could only be maintained by petition. Yet a structure that consisted of scattered outposts is simply not effective from the standpoint of industrialization and business development, in which the bined
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1