【正文】 (from tiny robots to blimps) automatically providing connectivity and capacity where needed (., at a football game)。 an infrastructureless work of notebook puters in a conference or campus setting。 space exploration。 architecture in place of conventional 3G architectures. The other main impetus to ad hoc works es from the rapidly improving munications munication devices are getting smaller, cheaper, more sophisticated, and hence more of these technologies for better ad hoc working gives rise to new problems that point to new research. For instance, the use of smart antennas in ad hoc working requires new medium access and neighbor discovery ability to dynamically alter spread spectrum codes, modulation schemes, and waveforms require corresponding innovations at the higher layers. Software radios, which represent an important change in radio architecture, offer more flexibility that is suitable for ad hoc works. How are ad hoc works likely to evolve? It is likely that the nodes themselves will be smaller,cheaper, more capable and probably conformal,and e in all forms. Indoor ad hoc works (perhaps based on Bluetooth, Wireless LAN, or similar technologies) will probably be used to connect smart appliances to the Inter. Meshbased lastmile solutions will increase in popularity and may even be the dominant ad hoc works will have higher capacities and support multimedia applications,be more adaptive, stealthy, and evolve toward a system where all battlefield elements, mobile or stationary, are multimediaworked. Finally, there is the utopian idea of a global infosphere where all work elements form a gigantic ad hoc wireless work using unlicensed spectrum, bypassing the existing fascinating from a research viewpoint, the realization of this vision will depend not only on overing the capacity and other hurdles, but also the pragmatics of a cooperative work. Notwithstanding our predictions,however, like the Inter, which existed for more than 20 years before the World Wide Web came along, it may be a surprise killer app that shapes the future of ad hoc working. 6 二、英文翻譯 ad hoc 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一個(gè)簡要概述：挑戰(zhàn)與研究方向 ad hoc 網(wǎng)絡(luò)已成為當(dāng)今最為鮮明活躍的一個(gè)新的領(lǐng)域，在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)將近有 30 年的重點(diǎn)研究下命名為 “ 分組無線網(wǎng) ” 或 “ 多跳網(wǎng)絡(luò) ” 。 7 在 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代初一連串的新發(fā)展標(biāo)志著 ad hoc 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的階段。在 IETF成立了一個(gè)專門的移動 ad hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò) MANET工作組，專門負(fù)責(zé)研究和開發(fā)具有數(shù)百個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的移動 ad hoc 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由算法，并制定相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其開發(fā)的路由協(xié)議派生為先應(yīng)式和反應(yīng)式路由協(xié)議 [4]。在 MAC 及以上層可以選擇將收信機(jī)設(shè)置為睡眠狀態(tài)，或通過可變的發(fā)射機(jī)輸出功率和選擇需要更多短距離跳數(shù)取代少的長距離跳數(shù)的路由 [8]實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后， ad hoc 網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能受到各種特定的安全攻擊的受害者，如不停發(fā)射直至消耗完節(jié)點(diǎn)的電源。 9 這些可能看起來像是科幻小說，但事實(shí)上是 ad hoc 研究委員會的一個(gè)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)追求思想，只有時(shí)間能告訴那些想象的場景變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，而上述提供具有技術(shù)潛力和不斷發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀的一種展望。這些技術(shù)開發(fā)為更好地 ad hoc 網(wǎng)絡(luò)指出新的問題，引發(fā)新的研究。 最后 ， 存在一個(gè) “ 烏托邦 ” 思想是形成一個(gè)全部采用巨大無線 ad hoc 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的頻譜 ， 繞過現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的全球信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 counter3=0。 b(1:j)=y。 end x=x+v*t*cos(dir)。 j=j+1。 a(1:j)=x。counter3=%d,counter2=%d,m=%f39。 if ( d1(1:j)=120) counter2=counter2+1。 if T==T1 dir=rand(1)*2*pi。 d=sqrt(a(1:j).*a(1:j)+b(1:j).*b(1:j))。 for t=0::30 T=t/5。 for i=1:100 x=0。 y=rand(n,1)*120。 ad hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)容易發(fā)展嗎？在所有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)形式中， ad hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)自身的節(jié)點(diǎn)更小、更廉價(jià)、更能勝任和可能形成。光譜的重用和能源問題支持從單長無線鏈接（如小區(qū)）轉(zhuǎn)為短鏈接（如在 ad hoc 網(wǎng)絡(luò)）網(wǎng)傳播。 最后，跨層 切換 設(shè)計(jì)是所有這些其他的問題中的一個(gè)，缺乏明確和通用模型的靈活性、射頻路徑衰減和通信。為了滿足 QoS 要求的有效方式是一個(gè)更統(tǒng)一的跨層 設(shè)計(jì) 和分層設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合，這個(gè)想法 違反了各種 允許不同地區(qū)的堆棧來適應(yīng)環(huán)境的 傳統(tǒng)分層法，在某種程度上，考慮在其他層上的適應(yīng)性和可利用的信息。由于 ad h