【正文】 judgment and resist when executive actions pose excessive risk. It goes the other way, too, suggested one veteran board member: The worst thing is when a management team does not speak out. Directors, another participant pointed out, want management to speak up with its concerns. For both sides to speak up, however, smaller boards make better forums. Seven to eight people can debate strategy, noted one governance veteran, the way a board of 15 cannot. If boards were once more ceremonial than substantive, more honorary than productive, that is a dying tradition in an era when directors are increasingly called or demand to serve as strategic advisors. Several directors reported that their boards regularly conduct 360degree feedback surveys of one another, inviting pany executives to appraise their individual performance as well. One board chair even interviews every board member, asking for their appraisals of the other directors, and he then circles back with feedback, mending each director for his or her contribution to the boardroom but also citing one area for the director39。 mistakes to avoid your own. The annual meeting in Davos served to reinforce a host of such messages. Between meetings, its Risk Response Network, Leading Practices Exchange and Community of Risk Officers will continue the Forum39。就北非和中東的抗議行動(dòng)，論壇專門安排了一場(chǎng)特別會(huì)議，許多參會(huì)者不時(shí)要求獲得此次歷史事件的最新 消息，同時(shí)思考這些街頭抗議行動(dòng)是否會(huì)成為特別會(huì)議所謂的 “引爆點(diǎn)或海嘯 ”，以及是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致 “軟著陸或血腥鎮(zhèn)壓 ”。薩科奇就經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)說 道， “我們必須采取行動(dòng)。 “我們是否具備了 必要的機(jī)制，來確保全球的可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)？我們已經(jīng)打好了基礎(chǔ)， ”她說道， “但是我們還沒有落實(shí)到位。但是，他同時(shí)告誡道，經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇仍未完成。論壇推出了全新的 “風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò) ”(RRN)，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃旨在確定全球的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，讓公共部門、私營(yíng)部門和非營(yíng)利組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，更好地使用相同的方法來預(yù)防 、預(yù)測(cè)或應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)將要首先處理的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括匯率波動(dòng)性、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和資源稀缺等。Andrea Tyson，他還是多家上市公司的董事會(huì)成員。 為此，董事們不但要具備監(jiān)管能力，還要隨時(shí)能夠挑戰(zhàn)管理實(shí)踐、鍛煉獨(dú)立判斷能力，以及當(dāng)管理行為造成過多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)進(jìn)行抵制。另一位擁有豐富的董事會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的董事發(fā)現(xiàn)，向每一位董事提出的一個(gè)最佳問題就是， “如果你是公司唯一的股東，你想讓這個(gè)人留在董事會(huì)嗎？ ” 如果重新規(guī)劃 得當(dāng)，董事會(huì)可以在公司 “力爭(zhēng)上游 ”過程中助上一臂之力，樹立長(zhǎng)期價(jià)值觀，避免過多的短期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而不是眼睜睜地看著公司在 “力爭(zhēng)下游 ”中陷入重重危機(jī)。萊文的事跡，她曾經(jīng)滑雪到南極和北極，攀登過珠穆朗瑪峰。在各場(chǎng)研討會(huì)之中，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、領(lǐng)先實(shí)踐交流以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)執(zhí)行官的網(wǎng)絡(luò)都將延續(xù)論壇的這種精神，致力于提供更好的方法來預(yù)測(cè)、減輕、乃至避免災(zāi)難性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的發(fā)生，使得我們親眼目睹的金融危機(jī)、在海地及在海灣地區(qū)發(fā)生的災(zāi)難不再重演。本次年度會(huì)議有幸納入了兩場(chǎng)主題研討會(huì) “引擎失靈后的功勛 ”(The Merits of Failure)以及 “探索極限 ”(Exploring the Extremes)，這場(chǎng)研討會(huì)的討論主題是全美機(jī)長(zhǎng)切斯利 多個(gè)董事指出，他們所在的董事會(huì)定期相互進(jìn)行全方位反饋調(diào)查，并邀請(qǐng)公司高層來對(duì)他們的個(gè)人績(jī)效進(jìn)行評(píng)測(cè)。但是，僅做到這些是不夠的。 重新規(guī)劃董事會(huì) 在參加 “重新規(guī)劃 董事會(huì) ”討論會(huì)的人看來，管理董事會(huì)可能是推進(jìn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理實(shí)踐的最關(guān)鍵所在。新的 “領(lǐng)先實(shí)踐交流 ”將為他們提供關(guān)于如何管理和減輕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的指導(dǎo)。 建立學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 由于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和海地及海灣的災(zāi)難事件，因此，在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇創(chuàng)始人克勞斯 印度尼西亞總統(tǒng)蘇 西洛擔(dān)心糧食、能源、水資源不足引發(fā)的沖突，有可能會(huì)將私人的 “貪欲 ”上升至公共 “需求 ”。歐元亡則歐洲亡。如果政府從危機(jī)中汲取了生死攸關(guān)的教訓(xùn)的話，他們將會(huì)更加有效地監(jiān)督風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)者及其短期的自利決策。金融危機(jī)已經(jīng)克服，但是經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)仍不容樂觀，特別是西方國(guó)家的就業(yè)不足問題。 and an event with adventurer Alison Levine, who has reached the South Pole, North Pole, and Mt. Everest summit. Working in extremely high stakes environments requires taking calculated risks, the antithesis of recklessness that had driven the subprime mortgage lending that sparked the financial crisis. And when critical decision points are reached going for a dangerous summit, landing a stricken aircraft a total focus on the task at hand and the ability to draw on a lifetime of experience are vital for surmounting the perils of the moment. Cautionary Lessons for Managing Risk Among the more unforgettable personal lessons from the World Economic Forum39。 Struggles。s 41st annual meeting on both the principles and strategies of risk management. The Forum launched a new Risk Response Network (RRN), an initiative to identify leading global risks and to better equip public, private and nonprofit leaders with shared means for preventing, anticipating or responding to the risks. As part of the RRN initiative, an annual Global Risks report, already in its sixth year, will continue to rank global perils as one pillar of the new work (the Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center collaborates in the annual report3