【正文】 recent years, the recovery was always going to be choppy, argued that country officials had no choice but to continue to modernize and adapt their economies or otherwise fall behind and fail. Other country leaders cited additional perils that required still more measures. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono worried about emerging conflicts over food, fuel and water that threatened to elevate private greed over public need. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev warned of the continued fragility of our condition, brought home just days before by a devastating explosion in the Moscow airport. But he, too, cautioned that the economic recovery was not yet plete. Many tend to speak of the end of the world financial crisis, he stated, but it is quite obvious that it is not all that simple. While the crisis has sobered up everyone, we have coped with only one part of the symptoms of the crisis, and so far we have not found a model for growth. Symptomatic of the heightened awareness of risk management, the Prime Minister of Japan, Naoto Kan, referenced the English utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham39。s World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, where, he says, the mood seemed to be one of muted optimism. But, as he points out, there was also a recognition of how much still needs to be done to prevent the kinds of catastrophes both natural and created that changed the lives of so many individuals over the past two years. Useem, director of Wharton39。s preparation). At the top of the report39。 Rice。 Davide Serra, managing partner of Algebris Investments, and Daniel Vasella, chair of Novartis. Leaving aside the question of whether pany boards contributed to the recent financial crisis, the boardroom could serve as a barricade against the next crisis if properly redesigned. The board39。re in Europe for the long term, we serve a lot of European panies, and staying invested despite the crisis was the right thing to do. Rewiring the Mind For individuals, there are few better opportunities for rethinking risk management than those offered by studying one39。s focus this year on managing risk in a more risky world: Willpower is essential, calculate the risks, and focus on the goal at hand however stressful the moment whether restoring an economy, avoiding default, landing an aircraft or climbing a summit. And among the more enduring pany and country lessons: Complacency will kill you, good governance is essential, and learn from others39。但是 ，他隨即指出，在過去兩年內(nèi)，各種自然災(zāi)害和人為災(zāi)難改變了許多人的生活，因此仍有許多工作要做以免悲劇重演，與會者對此均已達成共識。 突尼斯和埃及最近發(fā)生的政變，則為達沃斯論壇增加了另一個危機主題。 海地地震災(zāi)害以及英國石油公司的墨西哥灣漏油事故給世人敲響了警鐘，這些事件表示，許多巨大的災(zāi)難不限于金 融危機，而且在管理全球極端風(fēng)險方面，仍有許多工作要做，尤其是在這個世界比以往任何時候都更加容易受到自然災(zāi)害和人為災(zāi)難破壞的時候。 “我們臨淵而立， ”法國總統(tǒng)尼古拉 “歐元是歐洲的命脈， ”他說道，“我們絕不能讓歐元遭到破壞。 ”她還要求對一開始引發(fā)金融危機的機構(gòu)加強監(jiān)督， “我再三強調(diào)，在危機過后必須重新洗牌， ”但是政府尚未能夠?qū)⑴迫坷眄槨?”英國首相戴維 俄羅斯總統(tǒng)梅德韋杰夫警告說， “我們的狀況 ”仍舊一如既往地 “脆弱不堪 ”，前幾天，國內(nèi)又發(fā)生莫斯科機場爆炸慘劇。 ” 在提高對風(fēng)險管理癥狀的意識方面，日本首相菅直人引用了英國功利主義哲學(xué)家杰里米 施瓦布的繼續(xù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，論壇將今年第 41 屆會議的主題聚焦于風(fēng)險管理的原則和策略方面。報告指出，全球化的效益尚未得到平均分享，而且在和沒有響應(yīng)或效率低下的機制相結(jié)合時，很可能會產(chǎn)生 “民族主義和民粹主義 ”。 “風(fēng)險執(zhí)行官社區(qū) ”將建立一個相互學(xué)習(xí)和同行咨詢的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)，研討風(fēng)險管理的前沿問題。后者的做法可以幫助解決稀缺資源的合理分配問題，這些資源對于災(zāi)后重建是至關(guān)重要的。該討論會的主席為加州大學(xué)伯克利分校教授 Laura D39。 Struggles)首席執(zhí)行官 Kevin Kelly、 Algebris 投資公司的執(zhí) 行合伙人 Davide Serra、以及諾華公司 (Novartis)董事長 Daniel Vasella。與會成員指出，各位董事還應(yīng)當參與 “公司戰(zhàn)略、人才發(fā)展和風(fēng)險管理 ”，即不僅僅是要 “喂飽野獸 ”，即為投資者提供預(yù)期的季度回報，還要 “發(fā)展業(yè)務(wù) ”，即向高層管理者 提供有關(guān)戰(zhàn)略方向和風(fēng)險的建議。 ”但是，對于將要大聲發(fā)言的雙方而言，規(guī)模較小的董事會論壇的效果更佳。有一位董事長甚至對董事會成員進行逐一訪談，詢問他們對其他董事的測評情況，然后回過頭來使用反饋資料，就各位董事對董事會的貢獻提出表揚，同時也指出各位董事需要 “改進 ”的某個方面。隨著歐洲數(shù)十億美元的風(fēng)險的出現(xiàn)以及可能發(fā)生的短期虧損，他的董事會再次建議緊縮開支。薩倫伯格的英勇事跡，在飛機的兩個發(fā)動機全部失靈的情況下，駕駛飛機在哈德遜河緊急迫降；另外一個主題則是探險家艾莉森 風(fēng)險管理的前車之鑒 今年的世界經(jīng)濟論壇列舉了許多令人難忘的個人經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，其重點是如何在危機重重的背景下管理風(fēng)險：意志力是必需的，對風(fēng)險要進行精密計算，還要專注于眼前的目標，無論此時此刻的壓力有多么巨大，這對于經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇、預(yù)防故障的發(fā)生、操控飛機緊急迫降、或 是攀登高峰無一例外。