【正文】 headquarters of the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ). In particular, it examined the prior roles played by the team of construction professionals. The analysis revealed that the SAZ?s traditional construction project was generally characterized by high risk. There was a clear indication of the failure of a contractor and architects in preventing and/or mitigating potential construction problems as alleged by the plaintiff. It was reasonable to conclude that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It appeared justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects. The risk analysis facilitated, through its multidimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. It further served to emphasize the point that clients are being more demanding, more discerning, and less willing to accept risk without repense. Clients do not want surprise, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong. KEY WORDS: Arbitration, claims, construction, contracts, litigation, project and risk The structural design of the reinforced concrete elements was done by consulting engineers Knight Presold (KP). Quantity surveying services were provided by Hawkins, Leshnick amp。 the design is prepared without discussion between designers, manufacturers, suppliers and contractors. This means that the designer can not take advantage of suppliers? or contractors? knowledge of build ability or maintenance requirements and the impact these have on sustainability, the total cost of ownership or health and safety . This risk analysis was able to facilitate, through its multidimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. This work also served to emphasize the point that clients are being more demanding, more discerning, and less willing to accept risk without repense. They do not want surprises, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong. References [1]Madan , “Project Management: One Step Beyond”[M], Civli Engineering, October 1996, pp6768 [2]Matthys Levy and Mario Salvadori, Why Buildings Fall Down, New York:[J] , 1992 [3]Louis Berger, “Emerging Role of Management in Civil Engineering[M], Journal of Management in Engineering, , , July 1996 [4] Hagerty D J, Peck R B. H eave and Lateral Movements Du e to Pile Driving [J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 1997 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外 文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 6 國際建設(shè)工程風(fēng)險分析 保羅 斯坦福 庫帕庫娃娜 工程造價卷 第五十一期 2021 年 9 月 9 日 摘要： 此次分析用實例研究方法分析津巴布韋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會總部（ SAZ）的屋頂部分坍塌的問題。 委托方不想要驚喜，并且當(dāng)事情出現(xiàn)問題更可能去訴訟。該房屋并不在保險范圍內(nèi)，哈拉雷城市，一個政府自治區(qū) , 10 年之后下發(fā)了占有證書 ,并且是在部分屋頂坍塌之后。 此項重要分析的目的是圍繞住房標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分析津巴布韋協(xié)會總部房屋的部分屋頂坍塌問題。這是因為需要改變以往的經(jīng)驗推斷，這可能會產(chǎn)生誤導(dǎo)。用全面的風(fēng)險管理方法，能使一個公司確定該組織的業(yè)務(wù)的所有風(fēng)險。 這被認(rèn)為是必要的，不僅僅 允許其他反應(yīng)加以探討。建設(shè)工程的復(fù)雜性意味著，無論在物理形態(tài)還是組織結(jié)構(gòu)上將項 目定義為僅考慮相對較小數(shù)目的風(fēng)險。 工程師可以瀏覽項目管理者的工作方法，并提供有益的建議 。只要分包商在最高保證價內(nèi)它們就被償還給建 設(shè)管理者，因此建設(shè)管理者代表業(yè)主和分包商談判變更事項。 這種風(fēng)險分析能夠更容易，通過它的多方位方法對建設(shè)問題做重要的檢查，為未來建設(shè)項目做一個有效的風(fēng)險管理策略的鑒定。 推斷它們之間的缺陷應(yīng)該在部分屋頂坍塌之前及早發(fā)現(xiàn)并及時糾正是合理的。 社會的競爭是比較公平的：所有分包商有一個公平的工作目標(biāo)。 這是一個過程，允許業(yè)主選擇一個建立在資格基礎(chǔ)上的建設(shè)管理者（簡稱 CM）；建立一個合作工程團(tuán)隊；在建筑合同下集中工程責(zé)任；取得最高