【正文】 r these conditions, students can conduct an effective search for alternative careers, carefully evaluate each alternative, and work out contingency plans in case one or another risk appears. Following are the keys to career planning. 1) Study yourself. This is the key to career planning. Understanding what you are like, what you value, and what you want to bee is the foundation for all career planning. In studying yourself, you examine your strengths and weaknesses, your goals, and the trends in your personal development. The selfunderstanding that you gain enables you to imagine how certain occupations may best fit your personality, interests, abilities, and goals. All career decisions require us to learn both about ourselves and about work, and to integrate these two kinds of knowledge. 2) Write your career goals down. A technique useful for organizing ideas about your career development is actually to write them down by time blocks in your life. Writing something down forces you to crystallize your thinking and to recognize unclear and halfformed ideas. It may lead to new insights into your possibilities and may help you to see new relationships, patterns, and trends, or to identify gaps in your thinking about your career development. 3) Review your plans and progress periodically with another person. Every so often, take stock of your situation and consider what steps have to be taken next. Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market. Talking over your plans with a college counselor, your parents, and your friends helps you define your goals and improve your career plans or make them work. 4) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over. Today, growing numbers of men and women are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that have greater appeal to them. Many of those who find that their line of work is unsatisfactory retrain themselves for a different occupation. Often their new occupation is one that they overlooked when they were young or that they did not have an opportunity to pursue at that time for financial or other reasons. Sociologists say that there are few changes in careers that involve “downward“ movement。 most involve the traditional business of “getting ahead“. Society no longer attaches the stigma of “instability“ to the idea of career hopping, as it once did. Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages. It has been estimated that as many as one out of four male workers between the ages of twenty and twentyfive change their lines of work. About half that number do so between the ages of twentyfive and fortyfour. Career planning does not guarantee that all the problems, difficulties, or decisionmaking situations that face you in the future will be solved or made any easier. No formula can be given to do that. But career planning should help you to approach and cope better with new problems, such as deciding whether or not to enter educational or training programs, deciding whether or not to change jobs, and analyzing the difficulties you are having with a situation or a person. Nobody can foresee what the future holds for any of us. There are social, emotional, and moral considerations in our future that cannot be foreseen. But the most important lesson of this often unhappy modern world is that progress es from planning. Ignorance about one＇s career is not bliss。有些人采取“這不會影響我”或“這永遠也不會發(fā)生”的態(tài)度，他們這樣做是將自滿作為自己占支配地位的行為模式。他們緊張地尋找各種就業(yè)機會，然后采取匆忙產(chǎn)生的決定，忽視了這樣的選擇會帶來的后果，也忽視了其他的擇業(yè)機會。在研究自我的過程中，你審視自己的長處與弱點，自己的目標以及自身發(fā)展的方向。
10 3．定期與他人一起檢查你的規(guī)劃與所取得的進展。
12 社會學家們說幾乎沒有什么職業(yè)的變換是“走下坡路”的，大部分都是按傳統(tǒng)的關注“往高處走”的。
15 沒有人能預見我們任何一個人的未來。
2 哪些公司或機構會有你想要的工作呢? 假定你的專業(yè)是英文或歷史，你想要寫一部了不起的小說，那么你需要一份工作來支付生活和教育費用。
5 在人生的這一階段，找一個能促進未來事業(yè)的暑期工作很重要。至少我覺得不會。那年夏天，北安普敦分店的經(jīng)理負責管理科德角分店的夏季營業(yè)，她要我過去做營業(yè)員。 in military settings where they work on new weapons or new military strategies。我談的是傾向性的特點，但都是很明顯的傾向。他們往往重具體、輕抽象。
9 喜歡從事傳統(tǒng)性職業(yè)的人把自己描述成“循規(guī)蹈矩、負責、高效、服從、有條理、執(zhí)著、現(xiàn)實、冷靜”。他們具有很強的求知欲. 第四類——藝術型職業(yè) 15這些職業(yè)是人們用語言、音樂或美術進行的創(chuàng)造性工作。這類工作包括為他人解釋事物、提供娛樂、制定教學計劃、幫助別人解決困難、組織并進行慈善活動以及消除人們之間的分歧。他們有自信心，一般都認為自己是出色的領導人才。
25 喜歡從事領導工作的人描述自己為“敢于冒險、雄心勃勃、能言善辯、盛氣凌人、精力充沛、沖動、樂觀、自信、善于交際和健談”。
第五類——社會型職業(yè) 19 這些是與人打交道的工作——治療、教育和幫助人們。
14 他們把自己描述為“分析性強、好奇心重、獨立自主和沉默寡言”。
8 傳統(tǒng)性職業(yè)包括簿記員、統(tǒng)計員、銀行出納員、秘書、財務分析員、辦公室主任、電腦操作員、銀行財務主管和會計。盡管他們的肌肉