【正文】
最后,向?qū)忛啽疚牡睦蠋焸冎戮矗? 周云鵬 20xx 年 6 月 于南京 30 附錄 A:英文資料 Offline Detection of Electric Power Steering (EPS) Xu Hanbin Zhang Zhongfu School of Mechantronic Engineering Wuhan University of Technology. Wuhan 430070, CHINA\ Abstract: Increasing use of electric power steering (EPS) systems, which affect vehicle dynamic behavior, has prompted the need for a more effective method of testing electric power steering systems, especially to electric control unit (ECU) in EPS. This research aims at building EPS offline platform for realization of performance detection. First, the control logic on EPS is analyzed, and all kinds of input signals influencing on EPS are analyzed and modeled. They include engine velocity, vehicle velocity, selfdiagnosis signal, starter signal and the steering angle. Then, the hardware intheloop simulation (HILS) system is designed. The industrial puter is selected as the main test platform with some ISAbus cards. In addition, the conversion interface is designed to suit the inout need of EPS and the industrial puter. The system will be achieved with both simplicity and usability taken into account. The correlative control software is also developed with the good friendly interface. It can realize the storage of the testing data automatically. At last, the hardwarein theloop simulation system that can implement an actual load (prepared) torque delivered to the steering column is achieved. Experimental studies show that the hardwareintheloop simulation system can satisfy the need of offline detection. Keywords: simulation, electric power steering, hardwareintheloop I. Introduction Electric power steering (EPS) is more energy efficient and environmentally patible. It consumes approximately onetwentieth the energy of conventional hydraulic power steering systems and, as it does not contain any oil, it does not pollute the environment both when it is produced and discarded. As a result, this motivates the great increase of EPSequipped vehicles recently. Although electric power steering systems offer significant advantages over their hydraulic counterparts, electric motor technology and controls had not reached the point where they could be used in this application until just recently. Thus, it is very necessary to improve EPS quality continuously, especially to the core of EPS: electric control unit (ECU). It certainly leads to more tests on EPS, and the tests are also very important for ECU development. It is a problem to 31 process testing in the dynamics of unavailable hardware (not built yet or impossible or inconvenient to access). Now hardwareintheloop simulation (HILS) is introduced. Test in hardwareintheloop simulation is a viable alternative, allowing new electronic control units and software to be tested largely in a virtual environment, without real vehicles or prototypes. This report outlines the construction of the offline EPS detection systems, as well as their main ponents. And EPS experiment based on HILS has been achieved. II. EPS System A. Principle of EPS The EPS system consists of a torque sensor, which senses the driver’s movements of the steering wheel。 28 參考文獻(xiàn) .汽車構(gòu)造 (第三版下冊(cè) )[M].北京 : 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 , .汽車設(shè)計(jì) (第 四 版 )[M].北京 : 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 , . 汽車?yán)碚?(第三版 )[M].北京 : 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ,20xx ,施國(guó)標(biāo) .汽車電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與趨勢(shì) [J].公路交通科技 ,20xx(3): 2328 ,何仁 .汽車電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)發(fā)展綜述 [J].長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) (自然科學(xué)版 ), 20xx(24): 3437 ,馮櫻 .電子控制式電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)前景 [J].汽車科技 20xx.(3): 1722 ,周兆元主編 .互換性與測(cè)量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) (第二版 )[M].北京 : 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, .組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè) [M].北京 : 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 , .汽車電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)分析與控制研究 [D].合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 ,20xx song, Kwangsuck Boo. 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Offline Detection of Electric Power Steering[J].Wuhan: School of Mechantronic Engineering Wuhan University of Technology 29 致 謝 光陰荏苒,時(shí)光如梭,轉(zhuǎn)眼間,四年的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生活已進(jìn)入尾聲,往日的求學(xué)生活及知識(shí)的積累,將成為我心底最難忘的回憶和一筆終生的財(cái)富。 主要完成以下工作: 完成了電動(dòng)助力試驗(yàn)臺(tái)總體方案的確定和設(shè)計(jì),根據(jù)需要選擇了試驗(yàn)臺(tái)用轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器,磁粉制動(dòng)器,聯(lián)軸器,電動(dòng)機(jī),液壓滑臺(tái)。液壓滑臺(tái)如圖 45,通過(guò)控制電磁閥來(lái)控制液壓缸,實(shí)現(xiàn)滑臺(tái)的運(yùn)動(dòng),在此就 不設(shè)計(jì)液壓缸了。 式中 l=38mm, 故有 可見(jiàn)平鍵滿足剪切強(qiáng)度條件。下面對(duì)鍵的強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行校核。 圖 44 萬(wàn)向聯(lián)軸器 萬(wàn)向聯(lián)軸器與 EPS 系統(tǒng)連接,可以補(bǔ)償各部件高度上的微小差別,保證試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 = 滿足要求 特點(diǎn):緩沖吸振,可補(bǔ)償較大的軸向位移,微量的徑向位移和角位移。 ]=30MPa 可以選用 TL4 型彈性套柱銷聯(lián)軸器。 ~+70 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 100=130Nm 磁粉制動(dòng)器的輸入軸的直徑 d=38mm,根據(jù)《機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化簡(jiǎn)明設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》選取凸緣聯(lián)軸器 YL7,其額定轉(zhuǎn)矩為 160Nm,大于 130Nm,滿足要求,轉(zhuǎn)速較小,所以選取材料為 HT200。 典型聯(lián)軸器: (1)凸緣聯(lián)軸器: 凸緣聯(lián)軸器由兩個(gè)帶凸緣的半聯(lián)軸器和聯(lián)接螺栓組成。聯(lián)軸器由兩半部分組成,分別與主動(dòng)軸和從動(dòng)軸聯(lián)接。 主要技術(shù)參數(shù)如下 : 20 表 34 JN338 傳感器主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 參數(shù) 轉(zhuǎn)矩準(zhǔn)確 度 過(guò)載能力 絕緣電阻 工作溫度 線性 相對(duì)濕度 指標(biāo) % 150% 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。常用這種方法的有電力測(cè)功機(jī)、水力測(cè)功機(jī)和空氣、磁粉等測(cè)功機(jī)類。隨著低功耗微電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,各類轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器被賦予了新的生命,其性能也越來(lái)越好可測(cè)的精度與轉(zhuǎn)速也越來(lái)越高。 從表 33 中可以看出,本系統(tǒng)中待檢測(cè)的信號(hào)比較多,而且信號(hào)的種類又不同,主要有轉(zhuǎn)矩信號(hào)、速度信號(hào)、轉(zhuǎn)角信號(hào)、電流信號(hào)、電壓信號(hào)等。其連續(xù)運(yùn)行時(shí),實(shí)際滑差需在允許滑差功率以內(nèi)。同時(shí)也可以降低直接裝車進(jìn)行路試的危險(xiǎn)性和研究成本。 錯(cuò)誤 !未找到引用源。 減速機(jī)構(gòu) EPS 的減速機(jī)構(gòu)與電動(dòng)機(jī)相連,用來(lái)增大電動(dòng)機(jī)的輸出扭矩。它是本系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)的關(guān)鍵部件。 12 第三章 電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向試驗(yàn)臺(tái)各部件的選用 系統(tǒng)主要部件 測(cè)控系統(tǒng)主要有電子控制單元 (ECU),電動(dòng)機(jī),減速機(jī)構(gòu),磁粉制動(dòng)器,多功能數(shù)據(jù)采集卡,車速傳感器,轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器等部件組成。 (23) 式中, K1(v)、 K2(v)分別為助力特性曲線梯度,隨車速增加而減??; Td1 為助力特性曲線梯度增大為 K2(v)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)輸入力矩。圖 23 所示為傳統(tǒng)液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向的助力特性曲線,俗稱盆形曲線。顯然,負(fù)荷愈大,輪胎氣壓愈低,原地轉(zhuǎn)向阻力矩也將愈大。汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí) ,前輪上作用著與轉(zhuǎn)向力相應(yīng)的“繞主銷的阻力矩”,通?;\統(tǒng)地稱為回正力矩。此試驗(yàn)臺(tái)也可以作電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的耐久性試驗(yàn)。 (6)回正特性 1)低速行駛回正時(shí),回正特性曲線應(yīng)通過(guò)原點(diǎn); 2)高速行駛回正時(shí),回正特性曲線允許有殘留角,該值不大于 5 度。 ? 做電磁特性試驗(yàn)未滿足電磁特性技術(shù)要求。 5 典型試驗(yàn)介 紹 名詞定義 國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《汽車電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向裝置技術(shù)條件與臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)方法》中對(duì)循環(huán)和損壞有如下定義: 循環(huán):轉(zhuǎn)向器輸入端由中間位置向一個(gè)方向旋轉(zhuǎn)至規(guī)定的角度后,返回中間位置再向另外一個(gè)方向旋轉(zhuǎn)之規(guī)定角度后,再回到中間位置為 1 個(gè)循環(huán)。 工作特點(diǎn) 對(duì)于電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu),電動(dòng)機(jī)僅在汽車轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)才工作并消耗蓄電池能量;而對(duì)于常流式液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu),因液壓泵處于長(zhǎng)期工作狀