【正文】 提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入自己有東西要失去了的陷阱里最好的方法。盡你全心全力，你知道你一定會(huì)找到。我很確定，如果當(dāng)年蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)沒(méi)開(kāi)除我，就不會(huì)發(fā)生這些事情。但是漸漸的，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我還是喜愛(ài)著我做過(guò)的事情，在蘋果的日子經(jīng)歷的事件沒(méi)有絲毫改變我愛(ài)做的事。我們拼命工作，蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)在十年間從一間車庫(kù)里的兩個(gè)小伙子擴(kuò)展成了一家員工超過(guò)四千人、市價(jià)二十億美金的公司，在那之前一年推出了我們最棒的作品－麥金塔，而我才剛邁入人生的第三十個(gè)年頭，然后被炒魷魚(yú)。當(dāng)然，當(dāng)我還在大學(xué)里時(shí)，不可能把這些點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴預(yù)先串在一起，但是這在十年后回顧，就顯得非常清楚。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)：當(dāng)時(shí)里德學(xué)院有著大概是全國(guó)最好的書(shū)法指導(dǎo)。六個(gè)月后，我看不出念這個(gè)書(shū)的價(jià)值何在。她強(qiáng)烈覺(jué)得應(yīng)該讓有大學(xué)畢業(yè)的人收養(yǎng)我，所以我出生時(shí)，她就準(zhǔn)備讓我被一對(duì)律師夫婦收養(yǎng)。我從來(lái)沒(méi)從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。固執(zhí)愚見(jiàn)。他們最終完成了自己的使命，出了最后一期刊物，時(shí)間是70年代中期。你的內(nèi)心和直覺(jué)早已洞察了你真正想做的?，F(xiàn)在，你們就是新的。沒(méi)人希望死。我被麻醉了。我應(yīng)該不會(huì)活過(guò)3到6個(gè)月。記住你會(huì)死去，這是我所知的避免陷入患得患失的陷阱的最好的方式。就象任何美滿的伴侶關(guān)系，隨著時(shí)間的推移，事情會(huì)變得更美好。我深信當(dāng)時(shí)唯一讓我支持下去的原因就是我熱愛(ài)我所作的一切。在經(jīng)歷了種種起伏后蘋果買下了NeXT。我被拒絕了，但是，我仍舊愛(ài)著。我成年以來(lái)整個(gè)生活的中心沒(méi)有了，這是毀滅性的。當(dāng)時(shí)我剛剛滿30歲，就在一年前，我們發(fā)布了我們最杰出的創(chuàng)造Macintosh。你一定要相信一些事情你的直覺(jué)、命運(yùn)、生命、因緣，無(wú)論是什么。如果我沒(méi)有在學(xué)校學(xué)書(shū)法課程，Mac就不可能有多種字體或者按適當(dāng)比例間隔的字體。在校園里，每一個(gè)海報(bào)，每一個(gè)抽屜上的標(biāo)簽都是優(yōu)美的手寫字。在我輟學(xué)的那一刻，我可以不再去上我不感興趣的課程，而去上那些看起來(lái)有趣的課程。我工薪階層的父母的所有積蓄都花在了我的學(xué)費(fèi)上。所以，我的養(yǎng)父母，本來(lái)是在等候的名單上的。在過(guò)了最初的六個(gè)月后，我便從Reed學(xué)院輟學(xué)了。史蒂夫喬布斯斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上演講一定要找到你熱愛(ài)的我很榮幸能在今天與你們一起參加一個(gè)世界上最優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮。s been said—and I39。ve made about their lives, “We already made our decisions, back in middle school, when we decided to be the kind of high achievers who get into Harvard.” And I thought, who wants to live with the decisions that they made when they were 12? Let me put that another wants to let a 12yearold decide what they39。t selfindulgent? Going into finance isn39。t it be selfindulgent to pursue painting after I graduate instead of getting a real job?” These are the kinds of questions that young people find themselves being asked today if they even think about doing something a little bit worse, the kinds of questions they are made to feel pelled to ask students have spoken to me, as they navigated their senior years, about the pressure they felt from their peers—from their peers—to justify a creative or intellectual 39。s going to say and do to try to make you change your they39。t have to do anything but apply and do the work—just like college or law school or McKinsey or 39。m problem with TFA—or rather, the problem with the way that TFA has bee incorporated into the system—is that it39。m not here to talk about technological innovation, I39。t occurred to me try to explain it by telling you a story about one of your peers, and the alternative that hadn39。s specialize in cardiology because it39。s nothing wrong with being those 39。t mean a job, and by “that” I don39。大學(xué)剛開(kāi)始，成年時(shí)代也才剛開(kāi)始。這些，同樣是羅網(wǎng)。我不是在試圖說(shuō)服你們都成為音樂(lè)家或者作家。（It39。）想象我們現(xiàn)在面臨的局面。其中之一是我在就這些問(wèn)題與學(xué)生交流時(shí)經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)“自我放任”（“selfindulgent”）。具有道德勇氣的個(gè)人往往讓周圍的人感到不舒服。），最重要的是，它代表了清晰標(biāo)記的道路（a clearly marked path.）。我說(shuō)，那些在耶魯和斯坦福這類名校的孩子往往比較謹(jǐn)慎，去追求一些穩(wěn)妥的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。而是要弄清楚自己到底想要什么，而不是父母、同伴、學(xué)校、或社會(huì)想要什么。s just successful），而且是根據(jù)非常狹隘的成功定義而認(rèn)定的成功而已?！?但另外一些學(xué)生，那種具有自我效能感或自我尊重的學(xué)生，考試得了優(yōu)秀會(huì)說(shuō)“我得優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)槲衣斆?。你為什么做它，到底為了什么。或者進(jìn)入密歇根法學(xué)院，或高盛集團(tuán)（GoldmanSachs）或麥肯錫公司（McKinsey）或別的什么地方。s what smart kids do.）?！保ā癏ey, my dad39。你從生物化學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生變成了博士，再變成心臟病學(xué)家，再變成專門做心臟瓣膜移植的心臟病醫(yī)生?？墒?，專業(yè)化的問(wèn)題在于它把你的注意力限制在一個(gè)點(diǎn)上，你所已知的和你想探知的東西都限界于此（it narrows your attention to the point where all you know about and all you want to know about）。除了在所有課程上都出類拔萃之外，你還注重修養(yǎng)的提高，充滿熱情地培養(yǎng)了一些特殊興趣。這里的“做（do）”并不是指工作（job），“那(that)”并不是指你的專業(yè)（major）。你能進(jìn)入這所大學(xué)說(shuō)明你在某些技能（skills）上非常出色。錯(cuò)誤之處在于這個(gè)體系遺漏的地方：即任何別的東西（everything else）。再讀三年大學(xué)，三五年法學(xué)院或醫(yī)學(xué)院或博士，然后再干若干年住院實(shí)習(xí)生或博士后或助理教授。（The 19yearold who could do so many things, and was interested in so many things, has bee a 40yearold who thinks about only one thing.）難怪年長(zhǎng)的人這么乏味無(wú)趣。s easy, the way the system works, to simply go with the flow.）我不是說(shuō)這個(gè)工作容易，而是說(shuō)做出這種選擇很容易。s next）。你拒絕了上大學(xué)預(yù)修歷史課（AP history）時(shí)的美妙體驗(yàn)的誘惑，也無(wú)視你在醫(yī)學(xué)院第四年的兒科學(xué)輪流值班時(shí)照看孩子的可怕感受。后來(lái)參加這次討論的一個(gè)學(xué)生給我聯(lián)系，這個(gè)哈佛學(xué)生正在寫有關(guān)哈佛的畢業(yè)論文，討論哈佛是如何給學(xué)生灌輸她所說(shuō)的“自我效能”（selfefficacy），一種相信自己能做一切的意識(shí)。她還說(shuō)，這個(gè)年輕的女孩子說(shuō)哈佛學(xué)生把他們的自我效能帶到了世界上，如她所說(shuō)的“創(chuàng)新”（innovative）。“道德”在這里無(wú)關(guān)對(duì)錯(cuò)，而是與選擇有關(guān)。當(dāng)你進(jìn)入大學(xué)，人家給你眾多選擇，或法律或醫(yī)學(xué)或投資銀行和咨詢以及其他，但你同樣也可以做其他事，做從前根本沒(méi)有人想過(guò)的事(something that no one has thought of before)。從其內(nèi)容來(lái)看，“為美國(guó)而教”完全不同于高盛或者麥肯錫公司或哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院或者伯克利法學(xué)院，但從它在精英期待的體系中的地位來(lái)說(shuō)，完全是一樣的。不僅如此，光有道德想象力還不夠。你會(huì)給我談?wù)撁褡逍浴⒄Z(yǔ)言和宗教。（You39。但為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司工作就可以。在兩年前的哈佛事件中，有個(gè)學(xué)生談到我說(shuō)的大學(xué)生需要重新思考人生決定的觀點(diǎn)，他說(shuō)“我們已經(jīng)做出了決定，我們?cè)缭谥袑W(xué)時(shí)就已經(jīng)決定成為能夠進(jìn)入哈佛的高材生。最重要的是，不要過(guò)分謹(jǐn)慎。由此，你成為更完整和強(qiáng)大的人（a fuller and a stronger person）。m bothering to raise it here, at Stanford, this renowned citadel of science and doubt can there be that the world will offer you many opportunities to use your degree? But that39。s wrong is what the system leaves out: which is to say, everything don39。s easy, the way the system works, to simply go with the don39。s all sounds like a clich233。t realize—and it was really quite a shock to her when I suggested it—is that there is a third selfesteem, I proposed, means not caring whether you get an A in the first selfesteem means recognizing, despite everything that your upbringing has trained you to believe about yourself, that the grades you get—and the awards, and the test scores, and the trophies, and the acceptance letters—are not what defines who you also claimed, this young woman, that Harvard students take their sense of selfefficacy out into the world and bee, as she put it, “innovative.” But when I asked her what she meant by innovative, the only example she could e up with was “being CEO of a Fortune 500.” That39。ve been simply accepting the choices you39。sum233。s not you39。ve heard again and again as I39。re supposed to go to college, but you39。s also going to make you a lot of money, in which case it39。m urging is that you recognize and embrace your moral most of all, don39。t deny the desires and curiosities, the doubts and dissatisfactions, the joy and the darkness, that might knock you off the path that you have set for is just beginning for you, adulthood is just yourself to the possibilities they world is much larger than you can imagine right means, you are much larger than you can Deresiewicz is a contributing writer for The Nation and a contributing editor at The New next book, A Jane Austen Education, will be published next year by Penguin Press.第二篇：?jiǎn)滩妓顾固垢４髮W(xué)演講喬布斯斯坦福大學(xué)演講蘋果公司的創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)歷令人震撼，史蒂芬喬布斯有自己的成功學(xué)。沒(méi)什么大不了的。她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，我應(yīng)該被有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人收養(yǎng)。過(guò)了幾個(gè)月后，我的養(yǎng)父母向她保證我將來(lái)會(huì)上大學(xué)后，她才同意了。所以，我決定輟學(xué)，而且相信所有的這一切都會(huì)解決的。我喜歡那的飯。對(duì)書(shū)法的學(xué)習(xí)看起來(lái)沒(méi)有任何機(jī)會(huì)在我的一生中得到實(shí)際的應(yīng)用。當(dāng)然，你不能把事情聯(lián)系在一起而預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)。在我20歲的時(shí)候，Woz和我在我父母的車庫(kù)里創(chuàng)建了蘋果公司