【正文】 三峽工程投資來源有：國家貸款，國有電站電價每千瓦時加價 ～ 分錢，葛洲壩水電站電費收入，三峽水電站發(fā)電后的電費收入等，國家是有此財力保證投資 到位的。庫區(qū)移民呈現(xiàn)出了以開放促開發(fā)、以開發(fā)促安置的良性局面。三峽水庫淹沒涉及城市 2 座、縣城 11 座、集鎮(zhèn) 116 個；受淹沒或淹沒影響的工礦企業(yè) 1599 家，水庫淹沒線以下共有耕地（含柑桔地） 萬公頃；淹沒公路 公里，水電站 萬千瓦；淹沒區(qū)房屋面積為 萬平方米，淹沒區(qū)居住的總人口為 萬人（其中農業(yè)人口 萬人）。至于三峽風景，由于巖岸高近千米，而三峽壩只高出原來江面 110m。還有 3000t 客 輪的升船機，是世界上最大的，正在設計研究中，并先修試驗用升船機。 經(jīng)詳細地質調查，三峽水庫庫岸有若干潛在滑坡，大的可達數(shù)百萬 m3。水庫正常擋水位 175m 高程，總庫容 393 億 m3，死水位 145m 高程，死庫容 172 億 m3，防洪庫容 221 億m3，蓄水調節(jié)庫容 165 億 m3。它將為經(jīng)濟發(fā)達、能源不足的華東、華中和華南等地區(qū)提供可靠、廉價、清潔的可再生能源，對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和減少 環(huán)境污染起到重大的作用。它具有防洪、發(fā)電、航運等巨大的綜合效益。 三、樞紐工程量及工期安排 工程主體建筑物及導流工程的主要工程量為：土石方開挖 10283 萬 m3,土石方填筑 3198 萬 m3，混凝土澆筑 2794 萬 m3,鋼筋 萬噸 ,水輪發(fā)電機組制安32 臺套。 水電站采用壩后式布置方案，共設有左、右兩組廠房和地下廠房。還修建了一批壩區(qū)碼頭。俄水電專家亞 ?托洛什諾夫曾多次到包括三峽在內的世界各大水電站進行考察，他對記者表示：“在中國的第一個五年計劃時期，我們幫助中國建設了三門峽水電站。這個規(guī)模龐大的鋼筋混凝土工程投資總額高達 240 億美元。s policy of the exploration, must demand to bine immigrants to move, reconfigure the factor of production, thus improve the disposition efficiency of resources, form new productivity. Expand while being what is called, expansion of scale, improvement of structure even more, function strengthen improvement of quality. Look with the view of development economics and implement the course of exploration immigrants, it is the course of economic expansion of reservoir area. Exploration immigrants begin from expanding, and ending at realizing expanding, the course that the whole immigrant move and rebuild one39。s governments anize and lead immigrants to arrange work, use immigrant39。s question in the reservoir area The reservoir of Sanxia will flood 632 sq. km. of land area, will involve Chongqing, 20 county (market) of Hubei. The reservoir of Sanxia floods and involves 2 cities, 11 county towns, 116 market towns。s Great Wall has been pleted since the most magnificent project, will for the first time pletely tamed 5,000 years at the same time raising the Chinese people afflicted This waterway. From more than 10 years ago China began to discuss construction of the Three Ges Hydropower Station, the Three Ges construction abroad of security, especially the issue of the environment is worried that the voices of the Three Ges Dam will be pleted until now, some people still have doubts. However, the overwhelming majority of foreign media and scholars believe that, as China is going its own way, the Three Ges Project on behalf of the China, in accordance with their own national conditions determined by energy development path. In this sense, not only to the Three Ges Project, for China39。s development and the provision of adequate energy, this will bee a symbol of China. China Three Ges Power Station will meet 1 / 20 the electricity demand The Washington Post on the 18th in a prominent position on the front page entitled China and the symbol of the source of our strength, the article, said that after 13 years of construction, and the removal of millions of villagers, China will soon be across the Yangtze River , the world39。 Flood or flood 1599 of industrial and mining enterprises that influence, reservoir flood line there are 24,500 hectares of cultivated land in all。s funds in a unified manner, exploit natural resources rationally, based on agriculture, the agriculture,industry and merce bine, through many channel, many industries, multiform, many method find a room for immigrants properly, immigrants39。s home is running through economic expansion, full of to the yearning that expands in the future. Certainly, in actual operation, should set out from immigrant39。這項“中國自長城以來最雄心勃勃的建設”，將取代巴西伊泰普水電站成為世界最大的發(fā)電和防洪綜合 工程?，F(xiàn)在三峽工程即將順利收尾，這反映了中國的成功，而俄羅斯在水電方面仍舊在原地踏步。壩區(qū)具備良好的交通條件。共安裝32 臺水輪發(fā)電機組，其中左岸廠房 14 臺，右岸廠房 12 臺，地下廠房 6 臺。全部工程施工任務分三個階段完成，全部工期為 17 年。 興建三峽工程的首要目標是防洪。 三峽工程所提供的電力資源，如果以火電來算，就意味著要多修建 10 座 180萬千瓦級的火電廠，平均每年多采掘原煤 5000 萬噸。水庫運行方案為：汛期限制水位 145m 高程， 3年一遇洪水 56700 m3/s 以下不調洪，經(jīng)泄深孔和水電站暢泄，可減少水庫沙淤積。但是離壩址最近的潛在滑坡，也遠于 26km，如發(fā)生滑坡， 激起的沖擊波到壩前消減到 2～ 3m 高，不影響大壩安全。 修建三峽工程對生態(tài)環(huán)境有利方面為：防治下游土地和城鎮(zhèn)淹沒，減少火電空氣污染，改善局部氣候，水庫可養(yǎng)魚等。風景基本依舊，高峽出平湖，更增加了秀麗?？紤]到建設期間內的人口增長和二次搬遷等其它因素，三峽水庫移民安置的動態(tài)總人口將達到 113 萬人。 三峽移民是一項涉及庫區(qū)社會重構、資源重組的事業(yè)，重組性是三峽移民的顯著特征之一，也是與傳統(tǒng)的單純補償性移民、原樣搬遷復制的根本區(qū)別。 關于效益，預計在三峽工程建成后十年內，總的工程投資本息，包括工程費和移民費，都能用電費收入償還，防洪、航運等沒有分攤投資。 七、投資和效益問題 三峽工程靜態(tài)投資 億元（ 1993 年物價），工程完成時動態(tài)投資約 2021余億元。三峽庫區(qū)各級政府也出臺了一些開展對口支援、招商引資的優(yōu)惠措施。三峽水庫將淹沒陸地面積 632 平方公里，涉及重慶市、湖北省的 20 個縣（市）。保護生態(tài)環(huán)境雖有難度，但必須解決也可以解決。但工程師和施工人員的精心研究設計、爆破和錨固、開挖，巖坡長期穩(wěn)定。這是創(chuàng)新的水庫運行方案。 五、興建三峽工程中的問題 長江宜昌段年輸沙量 億噸，將淤塞三峽水庫。三峽水電站總裝機容量 1820 萬千瓦，年平均發(fā)電量 億千瓦時。三峽工程水庫正常蓄水位 175m，總庫容 393 億 m3；水庫全長600 余公里，平均寬度 公里；水庫面積 1084 平方公里。承船廂設計運行時總重量為 11800 噸，總提升力為 6000 牛頓。 校核洪水時壩址最大下泄流量 102500m3/s。修建了宜昌至工地長約 28km 的專用高速公路及壩下游 4 公里處的跨江大橋 —— 西陵長江大橋。不僅《獨立報》等俄全國性媒體，就連《哈卡斯新聞》等地方媒體以及眾多電子媒體，近來都不約而同對三峽大壩進行詳細報道。 美國《華盛頓郵報》 18 日在頭版顯著位置刊登題為《中國力量的源泉和象征》的文章，稱經(jīng)過 13 年的建設，并移走了上百萬村民后，中國即將為橫跨揚子江的世界最大大壩澆筑上最后的混凝土：屆時三峽大壩將達到設計的壩頂高程185 米。s enterprises and relevant The factor of production has been pushed to the broader large market. The governments at all levels of reservoir area of Three Ges have issued some development coordinated cooperation, favourable measure inviting outside investment too. Reservoir area immigrant demonstrate with open to urge, develop, in order to develop, urge benign situation that place. 2. reanization and expansion of the immigrants in Sanxia The reanization of immigrants in Sanxia and the expansion immigrants in Sanxia are that one involve undertaking that the society of reservoir area reconstruct, resources are rebinated, the rebinating is one of the prominent characteristics of the immigrants in Sanxia, move the fundamental difference duplicated with traditional simple pensation immigrants, former s