【正文】 最后，供應(yīng)鏈管理，已對庫存管理產(chǎn)生重大影響。 該公司也可以選擇數(shù)著一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，則 B 項(xiàng)，最后在 C 項(xiàng)。 C 項(xiàng)目一般占 所有庫存物品 的 百分之五十 ，但只有大約百分之五的費(fèi)用 。 ABC分析是基于帕累托分析，也為 “80/20” 規(guī)則而聞名。事實(shí)上，這通常被稱為預(yù) 期庫存。這意味著，一個(gè)公司，使用在工廠生產(chǎn)的訂單，必須在他們需要至少提前三個(gè)月鋼 鐵 。如果一個(gè)工作在制 造 庫存是每個(gè)工作中心之間，那么每一臺機(jī)器可以在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)保持其運(yùn)作，希望恢復(fù)到原來的操作中心保持供應(yīng)。 Table 1 January February March April May June Demand 50 50 0 100 200 200 Produce 100 100 100 100 100 100 Monthend inventory 50 100 200 200 100 0 Table1一個(gè)企業(yè) 16月份的需求、生產(chǎn)、月末結(jié)存情況 滿足需求 為了使零售商繼續(xù)經(jīng)營，他們必須對我們的產(chǎn)品，客戶手頭上的資料，以及倉庫里面的存存貨必須有所了解，當(dāng)顧客想用他們時(shí)，如果沒有，零售商將不得不回到原來的產(chǎn)品。一般情況下，存貨占 工業(yè)企業(yè) 總資產(chǎn)的30%左右，商業(yè)流通企業(yè)的則更高，其管理利用情況如何，直接關(guān)系到企業(yè)的資金占用水平以及資產(chǎn)運(yùn)作效率。s finding that 20 percent of the populace possessed 80 percent of the wealth. From an inventory perspective it can restated thusly: approximately 20 percent of all inventory items represent 80 percent of inventory costs. Therefore, a firm can control 80 percent of its inventory costs by monitoring and controlling 20 percent of its inventory. But, it has to be the correct 20 percent. The top 20 percent of the firm39。 Floyd D. Hedrick, Library of Congress, Washington, . Editor: Jeante Budding, Communications Manager National Association of Purchasing Management Inventory management Abstract Inventory management, or inventory control, is an attempt to balance inventory needs and requirements with the need to minimize costs resulting from obtaining and holding inventory. There are several schools of thought that view inventory and its function differently. These will be addressed later, but first we present a foundation to facilitate the reader39。s most costly items are termed A items (this should approximately represent 80 percent of total inventory costs). Items that are extremely inexpensive or have low demand are termed C items, with B items falling in between A and C items. The percentages may vary with each firm, but B items usually represent about 30 percent of the total inventory items and 15 percent of the costs. C items generally constitute 50 percent of all inventory items but only around 5 percent of the costs. By classifying each inventory item as an A, B or C the firm can determine the resources (time, effort and money) to dedicate to each item. Usually this means that the firm monitors A items very closely but can check on B and C items on a periodic basis (for example, monthly for B items and quarterly for C items). Another control method related to the ABC concept is cycle counting. Cycle counting is used instead of the traditional onceayear inventory count where firms shut down for a short period of time and physically count all inventory assets in an attempt to reconcile any possible discrepancies in their inventory records. When cycle counting is used the firm is continually taking a physical count but not of total inventory. A firm may physically count a certain section of the plant or warehouse, moving on to other sections upon pletion, until the entire facility is counted. Then the process starts all over again. The firm may also choose to count all the A items, then the B items, and finally the