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2. 何謂齲病的三聯(lián)因素學(xué)說(shuō)?3. 請(qǐng)說(shuō)出四種主要的齲病因?qū)W說(shuō)及其主要論點(diǎn)和缺陷。 上皮舌形成 217。 托姆斯突被包埋于釉質(zhì)基質(zhì)中 217。l 牙胚由三部分組成――成釉器,牙乳頭和牙囊,成釉器形成牙釉質(zhì),牙乳頭形成牙本質(zhì)和牙髓,牙囊形成牙骨質(zhì),牙周組織和固有牙槽骨l 牙胚的發(fā)育過(guò)程分為三個(gè)階段――蕾狀期、帽狀期和鐘狀期蕾狀期 細(xì)胞的形態(tài)和功能還沒(méi)有明顯分化,外胚間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞緊密排列,形成牙乳頭,到了蕾狀晚期,成釉器四周的外胚間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞分化出牙囊帽狀期 成釉器細(xì)胞明顯分化出三層結(jié)構(gòu)――內(nèi)釉上皮層(細(xì)胞呈柱狀),外釉上皮層(細(xì)胞呈立方狀,借牙板與口腔上皮相延續(xù))和星網(wǎng)狀層(細(xì)胞呈星形,互相連接成網(wǎng)狀)鐘狀期 內(nèi)釉上皮和星網(wǎng)狀層細(xì)胞之間出現(xiàn)了中間層細(xì)胞,到了鐘狀晚期,牙乳頭外層細(xì)胞在內(nèi)釉上皮的誘導(dǎo)之下,分化出成牙本質(zhì)細(xì)胞,最終形成牙本質(zhì)l 恒牙胚的發(fā)生:乳牙胚舌側(cè)形成恒牙胚的牙板,發(fā)育成恒切牙,恒尖牙和恒雙尖牙;牙板遠(yuǎn)中的游離端向遠(yuǎn)中生長(zhǎng),陸續(xù)發(fā)育成恒磨牙l 牙板的結(jié)局:鐘狀期后期,牙板逐漸斷裂,細(xì)胞退化,部分細(xì)胞被吸收,部分殘留,同時(shí)被角化,形成出生以后的牙齦上針尖大小的白色突起,又稱(chēng)為上皮珠,俗稱(chēng)馬牙。成釉器形態(tài)似帽子成釉器細(xì)胞明顯分化出三層結(jié)構(gòu)――內(nèi)釉上皮層,外釉上皮層和星網(wǎng)狀層內(nèi)釉上皮 細(xì)胞呈柱狀,含豐富糖原,排成一行外釉上皮 借牙板與口腔上皮相延續(xù),細(xì)胞呈立方狀,排成一行內(nèi)釉上皮和外釉上皮交界處形成頸環(huán)星網(wǎng)狀層 細(xì)胞呈星形,互相連接成網(wǎng)狀,不斷合成和分泌酸性粘多糖,這些物質(zhì)能吸收大量水分,使細(xì)胞間隙變大,但細(xì)胞之間仍以橋粒相連,故呈星形,對(duì)牙胚起到保護(hù)作用,并為釉質(zhì)發(fā)育提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)牙乳頭 血管豐富牙 囊 含豐富神經(jīng)纖維,并進(jìn)入牙乳頭 鐘狀期 成釉器 內(nèi)釉上皮和星網(wǎng)狀層細(xì)胞之間出現(xiàn)了1-3層扁平細(xì)胞,稱(chēng)中間層。13. 試述涎腺的發(fā)育過(guò)程。 stipplesc) Interdental papilla: position, shape amp。特點(diǎn):死區(qū)近髓端常有修復(fù)性牙本質(zhì)。遠(yuǎn)離髓腔處,尚無(wú)定論。3. 牙骨質(zhì)的組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu) 對(duì)策:細(xì)胞性、無(wú)細(xì)胞性牙骨質(zhì)的部位不易記憶,講解時(shí)給學(xué)生畫(huà)一張模式圖,將大大降低記憶的難度。傾斜二、 有機(jī)基質(zhì)含量少 重量1% 成釉蛋白 釉蛋白分布:晶體間間隙中 有機(jī)物集中處第二學(xué)時(shí)三、有機(jī)質(zhì)較為集中處)1. 釉質(zhì)生長(zhǎng)線 incremental line of enamel形態(tài) 縱磨片 自釉牙本質(zhì)界向外,牙尖部環(huán)行,牙頸部斜行。上海第二醫(yī)科大學(xué)教 案課程名稱(chēng) 口腔組織病理學(xué) 第 1 次課 2006年 8 月 30日教師姓名 李 江職稱(chēng)教授教研室口腔病理教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù) 2授課題目緒論 牙體組織(釉質(zhì))教學(xué)對(duì)象04級(jí)七年制授課地點(diǎn)教學(xué)樓102教室教學(xué)方式理論課本次課的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及對(duì)策:重點(diǎn):l 牙釉質(zhì)的理化結(jié)構(gòu)和解剖特點(diǎn)l 釉柱結(jié)構(gòu)l 各有機(jī)物較為集中處的形態(tài)特點(diǎn)和形成原因難點(diǎn)及對(duì)策l 釉柱結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)策:結(jié)合牙齒的解剖特點(diǎn)講解釉柱在牙齒中的走行及結(jié)構(gòu)特征,增加幻燈片的量,使同學(xué)能從三維空間上理解釉柱是如何構(gòu)成牙釉質(zhì)的。橫磨片 同心環(huán)狀形成原因 釉質(zhì)發(fā)育中的間歇線新生線:乳牙,第一橫磨牙 出生前后環(huán)境及營(yíng)養(yǎng)的變化2. 釉板 enamel lamella形態(tài) 薄的板狀結(jié)構(gòu),呈裂隙狀,垂直于牙面,從牙面開(kāi)始,停止于釉質(zhì).釉牙本質(zhì)界.或牙本質(zhì)形成原因 發(fā)育時(shí)某些障礙 輕—鈣化不全 重—裂縫3.釉叢 enamel tuft形態(tài) 草叢狀,自釉牙本質(zhì)界向牙表面散開(kāi),釉質(zhì)厚度1/5—1/4形成原因 礦化較差的釉柱在不同平面.不同方向的重疊4.釉梭 enamel spindle形態(tài) 紡錘狀,穿過(guò)釉牙本質(zhì)界包埋在釉質(zhì)中,牙尖部多見(jiàn)形成原因 成牙本質(zhì)細(xì)胞末端膨大的胞漿突起?。担匝辣举|(zhì)界 enamelodentinal junction形態(tài) 釉質(zhì).牙本質(zhì)相交處連續(xù)的小弧形,凹面向著牙釉質(zhì)形成原因 釉質(zhì)牙本質(zhì)相交處晶體的大小.排列方向不同。本次課應(yīng)用的教材教具參考書(shū):教材:全國(guó)高等醫(yī)藥院校教材 《口腔組織病理學(xué)》第5版教具:薄膜,幻燈參考書(shū):Somoas al. Oral Pathology. 1997 Avery Jk . Oral Development and Histology. 1987主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容及時(shí)間分配:第二節(jié) 牙本質(zhì)硬度比釉質(zhì)低 重量 體積 無(wú)機(jī) 70% 45% 有機(jī) 20% 33% 水 10% 22%組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu) 一. 牙本質(zhì)小管放射狀牙髓表面 釉牙本質(zhì)界 并有側(cè)支根管牙尖.根尖—直 牙頸部—S形,凸彎向根尖牙髓側(cè)—粗 表面—細(xì)二. 成牙本質(zhì)細(xì)胞突起成牙本質(zhì)細(xì)胞位于牙髓腔內(nèi)近牙本質(zhì)處,其突起深入牙本質(zhì)小管內(nèi),并有分支。牙本質(zhì)的感覺(jué)學(xué)說(shuō):傳導(dǎo)學(xué)說(shuō) 流體動(dòng)力學(xué)說(shuō) 神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)學(xué)說(shuō)牙本質(zhì)的增齡性.反應(yīng)性變化 一. 繼發(fā)性牙本質(zhì)在牙齒根尖孔形成,牙齒發(fā)育完成以后形成的牙本質(zhì)即繼發(fā)性牙本質(zhì)。第三節(jié) 牙 髓組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)疏松結(jié)締組織牙髓、牙本質(zhì)在胚胎發(fā)生和功能上關(guān)系密切,故合稱(chēng)牙髓—牙本質(zhì)復(fù)合體。 the gingival col3) Histologic Structurea) The surface epitheliuml The mon featurel The unique feature of different areas: the sulcular epithelium, the col, and the junctional epithelium(the key point is the junctional epithelium, including the definition, the features of histological structure and aging changes)b) Lamina proprial The gingiva fibers: dentogingival, alveologingival, circular, dentoperiosteal, and transseptal(direction and function)l Cells of gingiva: fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cellsl Vascularity and Nerves: highly vascular, well innervated4. Periodontal Ligament1) Introduction: position, thickness, the collagen fiber bundles, highly cellular, rich nerve and blood supply2) Histological Structure: fibers, cells, and stromaa) Fibersl Principal fibers: the alveolar crest, the horizontal, the oblique fibers, the apical fibers, the interradicular(direction and function)2nd Class Hourl Sharpey`s fibers: the embedded portions of principal fibers (definition and function)l Space fibers: loose connective tissue between the principal fiber bundles(function)l Oxytalan fibers: fine, part of the support system of the principal fibers(potential function)b) Cells: fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoclasts, epithelial rests, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (shape and function) c) Cementicles(position and shape)d) The blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves3) Functions: supportive, sensory, nutritive and formative (responding tissue)5. Alveolar Bone1) Introduction: the positions, the definitions of alveolar bone, alveolar socket, alveolar crest and alveolar septa2) Histological Structurea) Alveolar bone proper: the position, the definitions of bundle bone, cribriform plate and lamina dura, longitudinal lamellae and Haversian systemb) Compact bone: the position, longitudinal lamellae and Haversian systemc) Spongy bone: the position, trabeculae and marrow tissues3) Biologya) The side of pressure: Howship’s lacunae and osteoclastsb) The side of tension: new bone and osteoblasts4) Aging Changes6. Summary 本 次 課 小 結(jié) 要 點(diǎn)Summary1. The periodontium includes three supporting structures of the teeth: the gingiva, the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar process2. The surface anatomy of gingiva1) The free gingiva:the ginival sulcus2) The attached gingiva: the stipples3) The interdental papilla: the col3. Histological structure of gingiva1) The surface epithelium: mon features of the gingiva epithelium, the unique features of the sulcular epithelium, the col and the junctional epithelium2) Lamina propria: the functions of each group of gingiva fibers4. The fibers of periodontal ligament: the principal fibers: the directions and functions of each group of gingiva fibers5. The functions of periodontal ligament: functions and responding tissues6. Histological structure of alveolar bone proper: the definitions of bundle bone, cribriform plate and lamina dura, the longitudinal lamellae and Harversian systems7. Biology of alveolar bone1) Highly plastic tissue2) The side of pressure3) The side of tension本 次 課 復(fù) 習(xí) 思 考 題1. Describe the structure and function of a hemidesmosome.2. Describe the characteristics of the junctional epithelium.3. What is the turnover time of the epithelial attachment? And describe how the epithelial attachment migrates with age.4. Name the function of the principal fibers of each group of the periodontal ligament.5. Describe th