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th6213數(shù)控鏜銑加工中心關(guān)鍵零部件模態(tài)分析碩士論文-免費(fèi)閱讀

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【正文】 CAE 發(fā)展趨勢(shì)CAE 分析技術(shù)是一種集工程技術(shù)與多門學(xué)科于一體的綜合性分析技術(shù),它隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展而發(fā)展。TH6213 數(shù)控鏜銑加工中心關(guān)鍵零部件模態(tài)分析 第二章21包括熱傳導(dǎo)、熱對(duì)流、熱輻射的分析、相變分析以及熱與力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)耦合的分析。CAE 分析技術(shù)一般以工程與科學(xué)問題為分析背景,建立有限元計(jì)算模型并且進(jìn)行模型的仿真分析。(4)結(jié)合所有單元的平衡方程,建立整個(gè)分析結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡方程這個(gè)結(jié)合過程包含以下兩方面的工作:一是結(jié)合所有單元的剛度矩陣得到整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體的剛度矩陣;二是結(jié)合作用在所有單元上的等效節(jié)點(diǎn)力得到矩陣總體的載荷矩陣。(2)分析單元的力學(xué)性能位移函數(shù)選定后,就可以分析單元力學(xué)性能了,主要包含以下三部分內(nèi)容:,即式 21,可導(dǎo)出利用節(jié)點(diǎn)的位移來表達(dá)的單元應(yīng)變關(guān)系式,從而尋求節(jié)點(diǎn)位移和應(yīng)變之間的關(guān)系,如式 22 所示。對(duì)于內(nèi)部單元,其單元節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置是可以任意的;對(duì)于邊界單元,為簡(jiǎn)化計(jì)算公式以及格式統(tǒng)一,只允許單元的一條邊界處于分析模型邊界上。有了這樣的有限元計(jì)算模型,下面就可用處理?xiàng)U系問題的基本思路分析結(jié)構(gòu)單元的特性了。為了便于模型的計(jì)算,首先要選擇合理的單元類型。 有限元分析的一般過程(一)離散化結(jié)構(gòu)所謂離散化結(jié)構(gòu)就是把要分析的結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)劃成有限多個(gè)細(xì)小單元的集合,相鄰的TH6213 數(shù)控鏜銑加工中心關(guān)鍵零部件模態(tài)分析 第二章17單元之間只有在節(jié)點(diǎn)的地方是有力和位移傳遞的,這樣力學(xué)模型就變成了離散化的模型。以前,工程中許多問題是不太容易獲得解析的數(shù)學(xué)解的,為了得到解析解,對(duì)于一些簡(jiǎn)單的情況,人們可以做一些合理的假設(shè)和簡(jiǎn)化。3. 參考機(jī)床部件模態(tài)參數(shù)值,我們可以提供合理的機(jī)床加工轉(zhuǎn)速,控制激振力的頻率,避免加工時(shí)產(chǎn)生共振,影響加工精度。一般情況下,超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的振動(dòng),如機(jī)床顫振、耦合振動(dòng)等,會(huì)影響機(jī)械加工質(zhì)量,縮短機(jī)器壽命,降低機(jī)械及電子產(chǎn)品的使用性能,甚至污染環(huán)境產(chǎn)生公害等。2)有限元模態(tài)分析將在 solid edge 中建好的立柱與主軸箱三維模型,導(dǎo)入 CAE 軟件 ANSYS Workbench 對(duì)分析件進(jìn)行有限元建模。主軸箱起著安置主軸、鏜桿和刀具等部件的作用。2022 年,東南大學(xué)運(yùn)用有限元的方法建立機(jī)床整機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)模型,并且運(yùn)用動(dòng)態(tài)試驗(yàn)測(cè)試分析技術(shù)與參數(shù)優(yōu)化法進(jìn)行了有限元模型的修正,從而檢驗(yàn)并保證了有限元理論建模的精確度 【50】 。將所得試驗(yàn)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)與理論計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了理論模型的合理性,并且找出了機(jī)床的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。Berman 方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn):基于模態(tài)正交理論,無需計(jì)算特征值和特征向量,直接用試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的特征向量和頻率來修改理論計(jì)算的質(zhì)量、剛度矩陣,最后得到結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。在結(jié)合面概念與理想結(jié)合面的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了結(jié)合面動(dòng)力學(xué)模型以及復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)低階有限元?jiǎng)恿W(xué)模型。大連理工大學(xué)是國內(nèi)比較早就進(jìn)行機(jī)床得接觸面動(dòng)態(tài)性能研究的單位之一 [35]。東南大學(xué)和無錫機(jī)床股份有限公司合作進(jìn)行了內(nèi)圓磨床 M2120A 床身部件結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元分析 [30],得到了床身前幾階的固有頻率和振型,并且分析了床身的內(nèi)部筋TH6213 數(shù)控鏜銑加工中心關(guān)鍵零部件模態(tài)分析 第一章9板布置對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響。70 年代,自從引入了控制理論中傳遞函數(shù)這一概念和模態(tài)參數(shù)的解析這一理論,以及建立了描繪系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)性能的傳遞函數(shù),試驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài)分析的方法得到了飛快的發(fā)展,多種模態(tài)參數(shù)的識(shí)別方法相繼出現(xiàn)。華中科技大學(xué)的吳昊 [24]針對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床的組成特點(diǎn)和性能以及仿真系統(tǒng)抽象建模的要求,將數(shù)控機(jī)床分成各個(gè)有機(jī)關(guān)聯(lián)的單個(gè)學(xué)科系統(tǒng)和模型,研究了機(jī)械動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)和機(jī)械控制系統(tǒng)方面建模的方法,并且運(yùn)用相關(guān)學(xué)科理論知識(shí)和軟件系統(tǒng),分別建立了機(jī)床伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的理論與仿真模型。吳長智 [20]在分析了 MG1432B 磨床動(dòng)態(tài)特性的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種離散誤差線性優(yōu)化的方法。他提出熱變形與顫振是影響機(jī)床加工精度與加工效率的兩個(gè)主要因素。假設(shè)其中的剛性梁只作剛性運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有彈性變形,這樣能夠更接近實(shí)際機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。這種建模方法能夠充分發(fā)揮有限元方法和動(dòng)態(tài)分析方法各自的優(yōu)勢(shì),最終獲得能夠準(zhǔn)確反映系統(tǒng)真實(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的模型 [9]。這些都會(huì)導(dǎo)致誤差,影響分析計(jì)算的精度和準(zhǔn)確性。造成這樣復(fù)雜結(jié)果的原因有:1)機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,組成的零部件較多;2)動(dòng)態(tài)條件較為多變,機(jī)床工作時(shí)出現(xiàn)的某些振動(dòng)機(jī)理與各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)定量關(guān)系尚不清楚;3)目前結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析方面的理論與方法不很完善,而且動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析的計(jì)算量是很大的,如果不依靠先進(jìn)的計(jì)算工具是沒法進(jìn)行的。該數(shù)控鏜銑加工中心最適于加工較大型復(fù)雜零件,可加工零件上各種面、各種復(fù)雜孔系、各種臺(tái)階、各種復(fù)雜圖形或三維曲面等,連續(xù)完成銑、鉆、鏜、鉸、攻絲等多種工序加工。CAD 的發(fā)展,可以加速數(shù)控機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì);CAM 的發(fā)展,可加速數(shù)控機(jī)床在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用;CAE 的發(fā)展,使數(shù)控機(jī)床在整個(gè)機(jī)器制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用更加廣泛 [6]。1980 至 2022 年這 20 年間,我國的數(shù)控機(jī)床在產(chǎn)量上、品種上和技術(shù)上提高較快,取得了很大的成就。 課題研究的背景、來源及方法 課題研究的背景1952 年,因飛機(jī)生產(chǎn)的需要,美國研制出了世界上第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床,并立即生第一章 TH6213 數(shù)控鏜銑加工中心關(guān)鍵零部件模態(tài)分析2產(chǎn)了 100 臺(tái)。大型數(shù)控鏜銑加工中心廣泛應(yīng)用于各種發(fā)電設(shè)備、航空航天、冶金、造船、鐵路車輛等特種重型加工中。 finite element modal analysis。采用變時(shí)基脈沖激勵(lì),單點(diǎn)激振多點(diǎn)拾振的方法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采樣,得出固有頻率、振型、阻尼等模態(tài)參數(shù)。一個(gè)性能良好的機(jī)床,需具備良好的加工精度、加工效率、穩(wěn)定性以及可靠性等。得到立柱前六階固有頻率和振型,發(fā)現(xiàn)立柱的一階固有頻率 Hz,二階固有頻率 ,三階固有頻率 均在工作頻率范圍內(nèi),會(huì)有共振的危險(xiǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞:鏜銑加工中心;立柱;主軸箱;有限元模態(tài)分析; 模態(tài)試驗(yàn)作 者:王 旭中文摘要 TH6213 數(shù)控鏜銑加工中心關(guān)鍵零部件模態(tài)分析II指導(dǎo)老師:王傳洋The key ponents of TH6213 CNC boring and milling center machine’s modal analysis AbstractIIIThe key ponents of TH6213 CNC boring and milling center machine’s modal analysisAbstractWith growing technology demand in the field of industry, the Boring and milling center machine is developing in high speed, high precision, high flexibility and modularity. The dynamic characteristics of key parts of machine affect the precision, efficiency, stability and reliability in processing of center machine. The dynamic characteristics of machine have bee the important indicators of the structure performance of machine. Previous research about dynamic characteristics of machines only depended on experience, with the development of electronic technology, modern design method of the finite element method and modal analysis theory has bee the inevitable trend in the development of modern machine designing.At first, this paper has summarized the background of topics, significance and research status at home and abroad, pointed out that using the method of the finite element method bining the experimental modal designing is a new idea and has significance to improve machine, as well as summarized the basic theory knowledge of the finite element analysis and modal analysis .All that has laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent research work.Then we have taken TH6213 CNC boring and milling center machine as the research object, at the theoretical research aspects, we have used the finite element analysis soft ware ANSYS Workbench to do element modal analysis of the columns and spindle box of boring and milling center machine. We have gotten the previous six natural frequency and vibration mode of the column. We have founded that the first order natural frequency was Hz, the second order natural frequency was Hz, the third order natural frequency was Hz ,they were all on the range of working frequency. There would be risks of resonance. We also have gotten the first eight order natural frequency and vibration mode of the spindle box .The firstorder natural frequency was Hz and far higher than that of the working frequency, there was no risk of resonance.Abstract The key ponents of TH6213 CNC boring and milling center machine’s modal analysisIVThen, taking theory into practice, we have used DASP modal testing system developed by Beijing vibration and noise technology institute to do test modal parameters of spindle box. After doing pulse excitation with variable time, sampling data with singlepoint excitation but multipoint vibration picking, we have gotten the results of column the firstorder natural frequency was Hz, the second order natural frequency was Hz, the third order natural frequency was , the first order natural frequency of spindle box was Hz.Finally, through the parison of test frequency values and theoretical values, we have found that their error was within 15%, and each modal vibration mode were same. So the instructions of theory and test analysis were believable. According to the problems of the first three higher order natural frequency of the column, we have gotten the modal weak links, and proposed the method to optimize and improve. On the basis of the existing theoret
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