【正文】 負(fù)載交際能力最大的是述位。1. Phonetics amp。11. IC analysis: to analyze the relation between sentence and its ponent elements. 12. endocentric and exocentric constructions 向心，離心1．Which serves a centre or head. AP, NP,VP2. no definable centre or head. PP,V+O ,be + A. 無(wú)中心13. deep structure and surface structure 1. underlying level of structural relation 潛藏在人們意識(shí)中的結(jié)構(gòu)2. closed to people produced and 14. 1. When we say that we can change the second word in the sentence “He is waiting outside” with another word or phrase. We are taking about ____inside the sentence. A. Syntactic relations B. paradigmatic relations B C. Linear relations D. Government2. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker’s knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is called______ .Lexicon B. morphologyC. Syntax D. semantics C3. What does ‘IC’ stands for as a syntactic notion and analytical technique ? A. inferential Connective B. inflectional Component C. Immediate Constituent c D. Implicative Communication4. If we are to use the technique of IC analysis to analyze the sentence “She broke the window with a stone yesterday”, where is the first cut? Draw a tree diagram of this sentence. A. between stone and yesterday B. between she and broke B C. between broke and the window D. between window and with5. ____ is the defining properties of units like noun (number, gender, case) and verb (tense, aspect, etc.). A. parts of speech B. Word classes C. Grammatical categories C D. Functions of words 6. Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English ? A. gender B. number C. case D. voice D7. ____ is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories. A. Concord B. Immediate constituent C. Syntagmatic relations D. Government D8. ____ proposed to define sentence as the maximum free form. A. Bloomfield B. Chomsky A C. Halliday D. Sussure 9. The phrase “boys and girls ” is a(n) _____.A. subordinate endocentric constructionB. coordinate endocentric construction BC. subordinate exocentric constructionD. coordinate exocentric construction10. Chomsky holds that the major task of linguistics is to _____.A. study real ‘facts’ in daily settingsB. tell people how to speak appropriatelyC. tell people what is right in language useD. Look for ‘the universal grammar’ D11. What is the full form of LAD ?Language associative districtLanguage acquisition device BLinguistic acquisition districtLanguage associative device12. A speaker’s actual utterance in Chomsky’s terminology is called _____. A. deep structure B. linguistic universals C. universal grammar D. surface structure D13. Chomsky studies language from a psychological point of view, holding that language is a form of ____。p]10. Which is a unaspirate? A. sky B. kill C. like D. kite2. Semantics 練習(xí)1. _______ is not included in Leech’s associative meaning.A. Connotative meaning B. Social meaningC. Collocative meaning D. Thematic meaning D2. Among Leech’s seven types of meaning is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to _______. A. conceptual B. affective C. reflected D. thematic A3. According to the referential theory, a word is not directly related to the thing it refers to. They are connected by ______. A. meaning B. reference C. concept D. sense C4.”Big” and “Small” are a pair of ______ opposites. A. plementary B. gradable C. plete D. Converse B5. The pair of words “l(fā)end” and “borrow” are ______. A. gradable opposites B, converse opposites C. cohyponyms D. synonyms B6. A word with several meaning is called ______ word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple7. The semantic ponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as ___. A. +animate, +male, +human, adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult A. +animate, male, +human, adult D. + animate, male, +human, +adult B8. _____ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of the meaning of each constituent word. A. Collocation B. Idiom C. Semantic ponent D. Synonym B9. In the triangle advanced by Ogden and Richards, “thought or reference” is____ A. word, sentence B. the object C. concept D. symbol B10. A linguistic is interested in _____. A. What is said. B. What is right both in syntax and in semantics. B C. What is grammatical D. What ought to be said.11. The pair of words “l(fā)end” and “borrow” are _____. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. synonyms D. cohyponyms B12. Nouns, verbs, and adjectives can be classified as _____. A. Lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words A13. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/tulip” ? A. Polysemy B. Homonymy C. Hyponymy D. Antonymy C14. The words “railway” and “railroad” are _____. A. synonyms differing in emotive meaning B. dialectal synonyms C. collocationallyrestricted synonyms D. synomyms differing in styles B15. The pair of words “wide/narrow” are called____. A. gradable opposites B. plementary antonyms C. cohyponyms D. relational opposites A 16. Which of the following twoterm sets shows the feature of plementaries? A. single/marries B. lend/borrow C. hot/cold D. old/young A II. Answer the questions with “Yes” or “No” .1. Is reference tied to a particular time and place? Y2. Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the o