【正文】
太多太多的事情讓我難忘,最終化為兩個(gè)字謝謝。(3)結(jié)合實(shí)例說(shuō)明了全站儀在各類(lèi)工程中施工放樣理論方法的具體步驟,是理論上升到實(shí)踐層面。 建筑樓層架設(shè)全站儀進(jìn)行施工放樣實(shí)例施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備、基礎(chǔ)階段及低樓層的定位放樣測(cè)量,施工場(chǎng)地基本上還不會(huì)受到腳手架及模板的影響,高差不大,通視性好,用全站儀很容易做到在地面上對(duì)其平面和高程施工放樣定位控制,但是幾十層高的樓房,在地面對(duì)其進(jìn)行施工放樣定位,不但只能對(duì)四周的點(diǎn)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,而且還會(huì)受到腳手架及模板的遮擋影響,無(wú)法通視;另外地面上站點(diǎn)很容易被來(lái)往車(chē)輛破壞。利用全站儀的距離測(cè)量模式進(jìn)行高程控制。特別是在施工前期的定位階段,還容易受地形條件的限制。7)旋轉(zhuǎn)儀器的照準(zhǔn)部,使所顯示的水平角讀數(shù)為零。2)選取兩城市控制網(wǎng)點(diǎn)、其坐標(biāo)己知。將點(diǎn)作為測(cè)站點(diǎn)并在此架設(shè)全站儀將點(diǎn)作為目標(biāo)點(diǎn),把棱鏡架于其上。建筑工程施工放樣的主要工作包括:利用控制點(diǎn)測(cè)定地面上地形特征點(diǎn),根據(jù)建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)尺寸,找出建筑物各部分特征點(diǎn)與控制點(diǎn)之間位置的幾何關(guān)系,算出距離,角度,高程等放樣數(shù)據(jù),然后利用控制點(diǎn)在實(shí)地上定出建筑物的特征點(diǎn),據(jù)以施工。(4)選取“定向”,會(huì)出現(xiàn)“人工定向”和“坐標(biāo)定向”兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),這里選擇“坐標(biāo)定向”,輸入后視定向點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)(,),然后在后視點(diǎn)立鏡,進(jìn)行檢核。00″,半徑R=150m,緩和曲線長(zhǎng)l0=50m,線路前進(jìn)偏向?yàn)橛移?,交點(diǎn)JD的里程樁號(hào)為K0+100,的坐標(biāo)(,),JD到ZH點(diǎn)方位角=258176。為交點(diǎn)2 到交點(diǎn)1的坐標(biāo)方位角。 全站儀坐標(biāo)法放樣在道路曲線放樣測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用(1)放樣方法1)根據(jù)所放樣點(diǎn)的里程,計(jì)算出各放樣點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)。設(shè) ,與分別為i點(diǎn)和ZH的里程,則 (22)式中,為自ZH點(diǎn)起的曲線長(zhǎng)。該方法的計(jì)算原理及思路為:把由直線段、圓曲線段、緩和曲線段組合而成的曲線歸算到統(tǒng)一的導(dǎo)線測(cè)量坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)中,便于計(jì)算放樣元素。全站儀在道路工程線路中的放樣應(yīng)用道路工程測(cè)量是指道路工程在勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)、施工和管理階段所進(jìn)行的測(cè)量工作。 (3)旋轉(zhuǎn)照準(zhǔn)部時(shí)應(yīng)勻速旋轉(zhuǎn),切忌急速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),以免對(duì)全站儀造成損壞。開(kāi)機(jī)初始設(shè)定,選擇坐標(biāo)放樣程序,輸入測(cè)站點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)(架儀器點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)),輸入另一已知坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)(后視點(diǎn))的坐標(biāo)或角度。 全站儀放樣高程點(diǎn)全站儀放樣高程點(diǎn)一般較復(fù)雜一點(diǎn),如放樣建筑工程場(chǎng)地的177。在點(diǎn)精確安置反光鏡,用全站儀測(cè)量該距離,其值為,差值為()。 (5)最后精平儀器按第4步精確整平儀器,直到儀器旋轉(zhuǎn)到任何位置時(shí),管水準(zhǔn)氣泡始終居中為止,然后擰緊連接螺旋。ordm。在距離測(cè)量或坐標(biāo)測(cè)量時(shí),可按測(cè)距模式(MODE)鍵選擇不同的測(cè)距模式。 (3)距離測(cè)量1)設(shè)置棱鏡常數(shù)測(cè)距前須將棱鏡常數(shù)輸入儀器中,儀器會(huì)自動(dòng)對(duì)所測(cè)距離進(jìn)行改正。注意:每當(dāng)打開(kāi)儀器電源時(shí),必須重新設(shè)置和的指標(biāo)。3)豎直度盤(pán)和水平度盤(pán)指標(biāo)的設(shè)置。下面簡(jiǎn)要介紹全站儀的基本操作與使用方法。全站儀上半部分包含有測(cè)量的四大光電系統(tǒng),即水平角測(cè)量系統(tǒng)、豎直角測(cè)量系統(tǒng)、水平補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)和測(cè)距系統(tǒng)。關(guān)鍵詞: 全站儀 曲線放樣 平面定位 高程點(diǎn)Abstract In recent years, with the progress of total station technology and lower prices, it has been widely used in engineering construction, in all kinds of construction, has played an important role. Total station is a kind of can plete all the measurements on a test site of precision measuring instruments, in addition to automatic range, Angle, can for the calculation of horizontal, vertical, coordinate, lofting. The traditional construction method, often adopt the method of conventional theodolite layout, not only inefficient, and the resulting error is bigger. Application of total station is quite mon, both in digital mapping, construction lofting, or total station is very simple and efficient use of tools. Therefore to understand the principle, characteristics and application of total station knowledge, has the vital significance to engineering construction survey work. Combining with the characteristics and working principle of total station, this article mainly from the measurement of total station in the project lofting and the application of construction engineering survey lofting, according to its different USES different methods of lofting the engineering characteristics of the engineering point of need, and the layout of the same project in different ways, some methods in bination with examples, so as to satisfy the lofting precision requirements, make the use of total station is not only limited to several monly used functions, displays the full performance as much as possible. Correct use total station method can significantly reduce engineering construction technical personnel39。(設(shè)計(jì))全站儀在工程施工放樣中的應(yīng)用院系名稱(chēng) 建筑與測(cè)繪工程系 姓 名 學(xué) 號(hào) 200902040237 專(zhuān) 業(yè) 測(cè)繪工程 指導(dǎo)教師 楊磊 2013年 3月 23 日摘要近年來(lái)隨著全站儀技術(shù)的進(jìn)步與價(jià)格不斷的下調(diào),它在工程施工建設(shè)方面得