【正文】 我國碳市場交易產(chǎn)品以CDM項目交易為主，已經(jīng)成為全球CDM項目交易的主要國家之一。2009年11月25日，國務(wù)院總理溫家寶宣布到2020年我國單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%—45%，作為約束性指標(biāo)納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展中長期規(guī)劃，并制定相應(yīng)的國家統(tǒng)計、監(jiān)測和考核辦法。③利用本項目所搭建的平臺，加強創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)和人才隊伍建設(shè)，打造一支擁有碳排放交易平臺專業(yè)技術(shù)的科技和管理團(tuán)隊，其中鍛塑6～8名技術(shù)骨干。關(guān)注全球變暖的相關(guān)問題，研究其解決對策，采取相關(guān)措施減少碳排放，對今后全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定增長可以說是極為重要。碳排放交易市場和規(guī)則的建立，將成為完成我國節(jié)能減排任務(wù)的有效手段。（1）是落實《國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要（20062020年）》確定的重點領(lǐng)域及其優(yōu)先主題的需要。從重慶市典型企業(yè)碳排放交易的相關(guān)模式、業(yè)務(wù)流程、交易對象與監(jiān)管機構(gòu)等需求出發(fā)，根據(jù)碳排放交易的業(yè)務(wù)流和數(shù)據(jù)流特征，研究并開發(fā)面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)(SOA)的碳排放交易服務(wù)試點平臺；制定重慶市碳排放交易流程及規(guī)范，構(gòu)建重慶市“市級特色區(qū)域級”兩級碳排放交易體系；實現(xiàn)重慶市典型企業(yè)碳排放交易示范。同時，通過對國際國內(nèi)不同碳排放交易市場的運營經(jīng)驗、減排效果、監(jiān)管和相關(guān)政策研究，提出建立我國碳排放交易體系的近中期方案和長期戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)國內(nèi)碳排放交易服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。同時提出建立溫室氣體排放的監(jiān)測、統(tǒng)計和核查技術(shù)體系的任務(wù)。5．可行性研究報告一式15份，由項目組織單位蓋章后報科技部，同時報送電子版本。 I said. 39。39。You needn39。 if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner !39。 I asked. 39。 No,39。Lesson40 Food and talk 進(jìn)餐與交談 No,39。My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to plain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years39。Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o39。Lesson32 Shopping made easy 購物變得很方便t any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. Pilatus Porter39。 No Parking39。s a new one. Do you like it ?39。only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. 39。 She looked at it critically for a moment.39。 signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcett39。People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever beforeespecially in large shops. A detective recently watched a welldressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shopassistant was her daughter. The girl39。Lesson35clock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Erna39。 time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. 39。 the patient answered,39。Last week at a dinnerparty, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. she answered. 39。 No,39。 t be so rude about it,39。You needn39。A man can never have too into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that 39。6．通過項目可行性論證后，根據(jù)專家論證意見和建議修訂完善，形成項目可行性論證報告。本項目就是要具體落實國家科技規(guī)劃的要求，為完成國家科技規(guī)劃任務(wù)提供綜合技術(shù)。主要任務(wù)包括（1）典型企業(yè)排放配額分配機制與交易模式研究。主要內(nèi)容包括：碳排放交易核算系統(tǒng)研發(fā)，交易信息供需發(fā)布系統(tǒng)研發(fā)，交易評估、監(jiān)管與認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)研發(fā)，電子競價與交易系統(tǒng)研發(fā)，碳排放交易持續(xù)跟蹤、分析與管理系統(tǒng)研發(fā)，重慶市碳排放交易模式設(shè)計，構(gòu)建重慶市碳排放交易市級平臺，重慶市典型企業(yè)碳排放交易示范，重慶市碳排放交易系統(tǒng)運行維護(hù)技術(shù)示范。本課題依托《氣候變化國際談判與國內(nèi)減排關(guān)鍵支撐技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用》項目，開展獨占技術(shù)和共性技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)。 （3）《國家“十二五”科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃》提出應(yīng)對氣候變化重大戰(zhàn)略與政策研究任務(wù)，圍繞氣候變化領(lǐng)域熱點問題深入開展應(yīng)對措施研究，為國家應(yīng)對氣候變化提供支撐，同時提出建立溫室氣體排放的監(jiān)測、統(tǒng)計和核查技術(shù)體系的任務(wù)。我國作為發(fā)展中大國，在節(jié)能減排方面的任務(wù)尤為艱巨。④綜合國內(nèi)外碳排放交易經(jīng)驗，提出我國建立碳排放交易體系的近中期策略方案和長期戰(zhàn)略；并設(shè)計開發(fā)碳排放交易模擬平臺，為碳排放交易示范平臺的運行優(yōu)化提供技術(shù)支撐，為我國其它區(qū)域碳排放交易的機制設(shè)計與效果評估提供指導(dǎo)。如何做到既保持經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展，又降低能源消耗和碳排放，成為我國急需解決的問題。截止到2011年3月，在聯(lián)合國成功注冊的2905個CDM項目中，我國有1267個，%，%。在碳市場構(gòu)架下，全球形成了以歐盟、美國、澳大利亞等為主的國際性碳排放交易市場體系，建立了多元的交易平臺。2007年6月，國務(wù)院頒布了《應(yīng)對氣候變化國家方案》，2008年又發(fā)表了《中國應(yīng)對氣候變化的政策與白皮書》。②在本項目實施過程中，依托重慶市科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院技術(shù)評估與轉(zhuǎn)移服務(wù)平臺、重慶聯(lián)合產(chǎn)權(quán)交易所，聯(lián)合中國21 世紀(jì)議程管理中心、中國科學(xué)院科技政策與管理科學(xué)研究所、重慶大學(xué)、重慶交通大學(xué)等相關(guān)單位，實行產(chǎn)、學(xué)、研結(jié)合，共同進(jìn)行本領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)開發(fā)工作，使我國碳排放交易科研和管理水平達(dá)到并保持世界先進(jìn)水平。在工業(yè)化過程中，因為二氧化碳的大量排放，溫室效應(yīng)造成全球變暖，由此導(dǎo)致的極端氣溫、水災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)等異常氣象己發(fā)展到不容忽視的地步，已經(jīng)成為制約世界各國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動開展的重要因素。利用市場機制，建立有效的碳排放交易市場和規(guī)則，把碳排放權(quán)進(jìn)行流通和交易，能有效地解決我國節(jié)能減排相關(guān)問題。 一、項目需求分析1．項目與《國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要（20062020年）》重點領(lǐng)域及其優(yōu)先主題任務(wù)部署，以及“十二五”重點科技任務(wù)類專項規(guī)劃、部際合作、省部會商、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程等確定的重點任務(wù)，以及與國家重大工程建設(shè)或重大裝備開發(fā)等相關(guān)重點任務(wù)需求的結(jié)合程度。（3）重慶市碳排放交易平臺支撐技術(shù)研究及試點平臺建設(shè)與示范。課題將以重慶市為試點，研究典型企業(yè)碳排放量監(jiān)測、核算與核查方法，碳排放配額分配機制與交易模式等關(guān)鍵共性問題；研發(fā)碳排放交易平臺重要支撐技術(shù)，構(gòu)建重慶市碳排放交易平臺，進(jìn)行重慶市碳排放交易試點及運行維護(hù)技術(shù)示范。 《國家“十二五”科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃》提出應(yīng)對氣候變化重大戰(zhàn)略與政策研究任務(wù)。標(biāo)題加黑。Once a year a race is held for