【正文】 s hard to spot them by eye. But we can use metal detectors to help us find the others, and they39。ve been finding meteorites on earth for thousands of years, and we39。m going a bit out of a boarder here…umm…I39。t really understand. Student: I guess I prefer my own room. I concentrate better about myself and I don39。ve probably heard about water shortages or restrictions on how much water you can use, especially in the summer time, in recent years. And remember what I said about groundwater。t grow near the running water. Oh, and there39。ll call it customer base and accessibility to public transportation which we will get into just a moment. Now, for a customer base, the most obvious example would be a large office building since the employees could theoretically go shopping after work or during their lunch hour, right? Another really good example is convention center which typically has a hotel and large meeting spaces to draw visitors to the city for major business conferences and events. But ideally, the pedestrian malls will be used by local residents, not just people working in the city or visiting the area. So that39。 you’ll note that in your paper. See, your paper should pare what is expected of children at certain stages of development with what you actually observed. Student: Ok, I have one more question now. Professor: What’s that? Student: Where can I find a child to observe? Professor: Ur, I suggest you contact the education department secretary. She has a list of contacts at various schools and with certain families who are somehow connected to the university. Sometimes they are willing to help out students with projects like yours. Student: Ok, I’ll stop by the educational department office this afternoon. Professor: And if you have any trouble or any more questions, feel free to e by during my office hours. TPO 13 – Lecture 1 Narrator: Listen to the lecture in the city planning class. Professor: In the last 15 years or so, many American cities have had difficulties in maintaining a successful retail environment. Business owners in the city centers or the downtown areas have experienced some financial losses, because of the city movement of the people out of the city and then into suburbs. In general, downtown areas, just don’t have that many residential areas, not that many people live there. So what did city planners decide to do about it? While, one way they’ve came up with the some ways to attract more people, to shop downtown was by creating pedestrian malls. Now, what is a pedestrian mall? It’s a pretty simple concept really, it is essentially an outdoor shopping area designed just for people on foot. And… well, unlike many of other shopping malls that are built in suburb nowadays, these pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown areas of the city. And there are features like white sidewalks, fortable outdoor sitting and maybe even for tensUN…you know art. There are variations on this model of course, but the mon denominators are always an idea of creating a shopping space that will get people to shop in the city without needing their cars. So I am sure you can see how heavy an area that offlimits to automobile traffic would be ideal for heavily populated city where, well, the streets will otherwise be bustling with noise, unpleasant traffic congestion. Now the concept which originated in Europe was adopted by American city planners in the late 1950s. And since then, a number of Unites States’ cities have created the pedestrian malls. And many of them have been highly successful. So what does city planner learns about making these malls succeed? Well, there are two critical factors to consider when creating the pedestrian malls location and design. Both of which are equally important. Now let39。t until a convention center and a parking garage was built about decades later that malls started to be successful. TPO 13 – Lecture 2 Narrator: Listen to a part of a lecture in an ecology class. Professor: So, continuing our discussion of ecological systems whole systems. The main thing to keep in mind here is the interrelationships. The species in the system err…. and even the landscape itself, they are interdependent. Let’s take what you’ve read for this weekend and see if we can apply this interdependence idea. Mike? Student: Well, um…, how about b eavers ecosystems with beavers in waterways. Professor: Good, good, go on. Student: Like, well, you can see how it39。t live in running water, and then the birds and animals that eat them, lose their foods supply. Professor: Precisely, so the beaver in this ecosystem is what we call a keystone species. The term keystone kind of explains itself. In architecture, a keystone in an archway or doorway is the stone that holds the whole thing together, and keeps it from collapsing. Well, that39。t. Manager: Ok, well, you have to watch the videos here. You need to si