【正文】 它通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構(gòu)成 ,位置較為靈活 ,可置于句首、句中或句末 ,一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。 Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled. 只有政府采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧?，這個棘手的問題才能被解決。 第四， 同位語從句。 1. 原因狀語從句：常由 because, as, since 和 for引導(dǎo) Eg: Noheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits. 盡管如此，我還是贊成太空探險，因為它的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于壞處。s no sunlight, no source of energy to make food. If there was any life at all, it ’ d just be some bacter ia breaking down any dead materials that might have fallen to the bottom of the ocean . And? Student 1 And what about the water pressure? D idn ’ t we talk before about how the deeper down into the ocean you go, the greater the pressure? Professor Excellent point! And not only the extreme pressure, but also the extreme temperature of the water around these vents. If the lack of sunlight didn39。t until 1906 that a scholar came across the prayer book in a library and realized it was a palimpsest, and that the underlying layer of texts could only have e from Archimedes. That was when his work The Method was discovered for the first time . Um... the palimpsest then went through some more tough times, but eventually it ended up in an art auction where was bought and then donated to an art museum in Baltimore, for conservation and study. To avoid further damage to the manual script, the research team at the art museum has had to be extremely selective in their techniques they used to see the original writing. They39。d be much better than waiting until the night before an exam to try and absorb all those details . Samantha Oh, I didn39。m just not sure we can pare it with the industrial age. Geologists in the far future will be able t o examine the sediment being laid down today, whereas right now we can say that yes, human impact on the Earth is clear: It39。t that mean that the first hypothesis y ou mentioned w as wr o ng, the one that says we don39。s part of the problem with th e CFQ. It doesn ’ t take other factors into account enough, like fetfulness. Plus you really can ’ t say you are getting objective scientific results from a subjective questionnaire where people report on themselves. S o it ’ s no surprise that someone attempted to design an objective way to measure distraction. I t ’ s a simple puter game designed by a psychologist named, Nilli Lavie. In Lavie ’ s game, people watch as the letters N and X appear and disappear in a certain area on the puter screen. Every time they see an N, they press one key, and every time they see an X they press another, except other letters also start appearing in the surrounding area of the screen with increasing frequency which creates a distraction and makes the task more difficult. Lavie observed that people ’ s reaction time slowed as these distractions increased. Student 2 Well that ’ s not too surprising, isn ’ t it? Professor No, it39。re trying to e up with ways to get more students to take their introductory courses. Advisor Right, well , apparently, nobody else is covering that story , so he wants you to follow up on it. Student OK. Uh … wha t the other outline I sent in, about the proposed increase in tuition fees? Advisor Oh, it lo oks like we39。t pay anything, right? Student Yeah, I know, but I huh.. . I39。TPO TPO TPO TPO 15151515 – – – – Listening Listening Listening Listening Part Part Part Part Conversation Conversation Conversation Conversation 1 1 1 1 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and the faculty advisor of the campus newspaper . Student Hi! I talked to someone on the phone a couple of weeks ago, Anna , I think it was? Advisor I39。d like the experience. It would look good on my resume . Advisor Absolutely! Let39。ve got that covered Student So I am starting with an article about the physics department. I guess I39。s not. It39。t even perceive irrelevant information when we are concentrating? Professor Yes that39。ll be future researchers who have a better perspective and will be able to really draw a line between the Holocene and the Anthropocene epics. Conversation 2 Narrator Listen to part of a conversation between a student and her biology . Professor Hi Samantha, how did your track meet go? Samantha Great! I placed first in one race and third in another. Professor Congratulations ! You must practice a lot. Samantha Three times a week preseason, but now that we ’ re peting every weekend, we practice 6 days a week from 3:30 till 5:00. Professor Athletics place a heavy demand on your time, don ’ t they? Samantha Yeah, but I really love peting, so … Professor You know I played soccer in college and my biggest challenge, and I didn ’ t always succeed, was getting my studying in during soccer season. Are you having a similar … Samantha No, I … I really do make time to study. A nd I actually study more for this class than I do for all my other classes. B ut I didn ’ t see the grade I expected on my midterm exam, which is why I came by. Professor Well, you didn39。t realize . Professor Think of your brain as: a muscle. If you didn39。ve used ultraviolet light and some other techniques, and if you39。t rule out the existence of a biological munity down there then these factors certainly would, or so they thought. Student 2 So you are telling us they did find anisms that could live under those condi