【正文】 Purchasing preference mandates every state or province can pass its own packaging regulations or mandates. In the Unites States, the states are mostly acting on their own。 Some industries could not exist without an international market. irradiation equipment and the safe packaging . Packaging and the Modern Industrial Society Why packaging is important to our food supply Food is anic in nature (an animal or plant source)。 Most of goods, not essential to survival, constitute “the good life”。 Tomorrow, how oil or milk will be delivered? environmentally acceptable packaging (minimal waste) choices of petrochemicals, wood pulp, and metal governed the way we buy and consume oil or milk milk delivered in refillable aluminum cans? The Function of the Packaging Packaging can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging. Generally speaking, consumer packaging, which mainly aims at containing the goods, promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it is of little value to logistics operation. But industrial packaging has a significant impact on the cost and productivity of logistics. Industrial packaging should perform the following functions to meet integrated logistics requirements. First, it should protect the goods from damage during handling, storing and transportation. Damage caused by vibration, impact, puncture or pression can happen whenever a package is being transported. Hence, package is being transported. Hence, package design and material must bine to achieve the desired level of protection without incurring the expense of over protection. It is possible to design a package that has the correct material content but does not provide a necessary protection. Arriving at a satisfactory solution involves defining the degree of allowable damage in terms of expected overall 3 3 conditions (because in most cases, the cost of absolute protection will be prohibitive) and then isolating a bination of design and material capable of meeting those specifications. Second, it should promote logistical efficiency. Packaging affects not only marketing and production but also integrated logistics activities. For example, the size, shape and type of packaging material influence the type and amount of material handling equipment as well as how goods are stored in the warehouse. If the package is designed for efficient logistical processing, overall system performance will benefit. The third important logistical packaging function is munication or information transfer. To identify package contents of receiving, order selection and shipment verification, etc is the most obvious munication role of packaging. Typical information includes manufacturer, product, container type, count, and Universal Product Code (UPC) number. Ease of package tracking is also important. Effective internal operation and a growing number of customers require that product be tracked as it moves through the logistics channel. This can be realized by the extensive use of Radio Frequency identification, a puter chip is fixed in the package, container, or vehicle to allow the container and contents to be scanned and checked as it passes checkpoints in the distribution facility and transportation gateway. The final munication role of logistics packaging is to provide instructions as to how to handle the cargo and how to prevent possible damage. For instance, if the product is potentially dangerous, such as fireworks and table tennis balls, the packaging or acpanying material should provide instructions for avoiding moisture, vibration and heating, etc. as the case may be. In addition to product protection, packages should be easy to handle, convenient to store, readily identifiable, secure and of a shape that makes best use of space. There are tradeoffs that exist between these factors and will concern the product and the material handling. It is important to appreciate that packaging of the product should be given characteristics that assist handling rather than hinder it. Totally speaking, it can be summarized up the following functions: ﹡ To protect and preserve a product from physical, chemical and mechanical damage, deterioration or contamination ﹡ To facilitate ease of handling ﹡ To municate information, . safety instructions ﹡ To act as a marketing aid, through appearance and presentation 4 4 Industrial Revolution The . definition The . started in England in about 1700 and spread rapidly through Europe and North America. The Industrial Revolution: the change that transforms a people with peasant occupations and local markets into an industrial society with worldwide connections. This new type of society makes great use of machinery and manufactures goods on a large scale for general consumption. Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution Rural agricultural workers migrated into cities, where employed in factories. Inexpensive massproduced goods available to a large segment of the population。 圖 13一個代碼識別主要包裝塑料的家庭。 c)過程循環(huán)不能忽視市場經(jīng)濟(jì)。回收不發(fā)生 ,直到有人用所收集的材料。采購偏好委托書 每個國家或省省看制定自己的包裝條例或命令。 在落后的經(jīng)濟(jì)能承受勤儉節(jié)約 ,不產(chǎn)業(yè)從食物中恢復(fù)的次級價值副產(chǎn)品。 絞盡腦汁包裝類型的選擇 ,雇用昂貴營銷群體來發(fā)展吸引圖像有針對性的買方和揮霍在圖形。 這是通過適當(dāng)貯存、包裝和運輸技術(shù)是我們能提供新鮮的土豆和蘋果 ,來源于他們在今年和全國各地。 在上世紀(jì)下半葉的貨物、擴散如此之高 ,包裝 ,被迫一個全新的作用主要購買 :提供動力 ,而不是呈現(xiàn)貨物本身。 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新型包裝材料的接受復(fù)活。 快餐出現(xiàn)了 ,創(chuàng)造了一個需求進(jìn)行一次性 單一服務(wù) 包裝。 1890年至 1920年代左右、