【正文】 The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定語從句　對(duì)先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常見分詞有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其ed形式)九．定語從句I.定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.過去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。但be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而can無法表達(dá)此意。如：It is believed that…It is generally considered that…It is said that…It is well known that…It must be pointed out that…It is supposed that…It is reported that…It must be admitted that…It is hoped that…下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面詞或短語沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)：leave, enter, reach, bee, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, e about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等七．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問式與簡(jiǎn)答can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問句中）can not / cannot /can’t doCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’t domay可以（問句中表示請(qǐng)求）可能，或許（表推測(cè)）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not do May…do…? Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmight not doMight…do…? Yes,…mightNo,…might not.must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)）must not/mustn’t doMust…do…? Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’t have to.have to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化）don’t have to doDo…h(huán)ave to do…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用shouldought not to/oughtn’t to doOught…to do…?Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t.shall將要，會(huì)用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shall not/shan’t doShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）本該（含有責(zé)備意味）should not/shouldn’t doShould…do…?will意愿，決心請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉will not/won’t doWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwould not/wouldn’t dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）dare not/daren’t doDare…do…?Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t.need需要必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）need not/needn’t doNeed…do…?Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doUsed…to do…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Did…use to do…?Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.II. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測(cè)：以must為例。簡(jiǎn)言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。1. 同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級(jí)連用表示程度?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加smapmaps, seaseas, girlgirls, daydays2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加esclassclasses, boxboxes, watchwatches, dishdishes3以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞變f和fe為v再加esleafleaves, thiefthieves, knifeknives, wifewives, halfhalves加schiefchiefs, proofproofs, roofroofs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加espartyparties, familyfamilies, storystories, citycities5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加stoytoys, boyboys, daydays, rayrays, HenryHenrys6以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加esNegroNegroes, heroheroes, potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes不少外來詞加spianopianos, photophotos, autoautos, kilokilos, solosolos兩者皆可zerozeros/zeroes, volcanovolcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞加sradioradios, bamboobamboos, zoozoos8以th結(jié)尾的名詞加struthtruths, mouthmouths, monthmonths, pathpaths,2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, goosegeese, mousemice 2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某國(guó)人”加sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以man或woman結(jié)尾的改為men,womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sonsinlaw, lookerson, passersby, storytellers, boy friends無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grownups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servantsIII. 名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞