【正文】 s sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Tradeglass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen在我國，也許沒有任何其他地方比費城藝術(shù)博物館更符合這個事實。任何由木頭、生皮、絨線、亞麻、草、毛發(fā)以及相似物質(zhì)做成的東西除非在一些非 常特殊的條件下，幾年或幾個世紀(jì)以后，會在塵土中腐爛并消失。 這個過程創(chuàng)造了我們生活的人類世界，也創(chuàng)造了我們自身，因為我們都是我們所處的時代和社會環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物。 很多語言學(xué)家指出，大量俚語的形成需要三個文化條件：第一，對社會中新事物的引入和接受；第二，一個由大量子群構(gòu)成的多樣化人口；第三，各子群與多數(shù)人口之間的聯(lián)系。這些詞和短語的意義已很確定并被列入了標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 詞典中。 當(dāng)1888 年第一條商業(yè)上成功的電氣化鐵軌被制造出來時，壓力開始接近危機的程度。在這之前，城市只是高度密 集的小聚居群。四處被驅(qū)逐的 英國官員都被本土的統(tǒng)治階級所替代，這個統(tǒng)治階級迅速地以地方權(quán)力機關(guān)來替代國王和議會09 Suburbanization 多數(shù)人并沒有受到實際戰(zhàn)斗的嚴(yán)重影響。S226?？▋?nèi)基經(jīng)常說：富有著 死去的人死得可恥。s generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small munities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.安德魯卡內(nèi)基 被稱作鋼鐵大王的安德魯amp。在那些年頭中，電視絕大部分一直由 ABC、NBC、CBS 這 些廣播電視公司控制著，這些廣播電視公司一直是新聞、信息和娛樂的主要提供者。簡單說來，電視是以這種方式工作的，通過一個復(fù)雜的電子系統(tǒng)，電視能夠?qū)⒁环鶊D像(這幅圖像被聚焦在一部攝像機內(nèi)的一塊特殊的光導(dǎo)底片上)轉(zhuǎn)換成能經(jīng)過導(dǎo)線或電纜 發(fā)送出去的電子脈沖信號。 Televisionthe most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growthis moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and puter technologies. 另外，儀式中還有演員， 而且宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)演出任務(wù)，因為在儀式的執(zhí)行中避免錯誤的發(fā)生被認(rèn)為有相當(dāng)大的重要性；他們經(jīng)常帶著面具，穿著服裝象演員那樣扮演其它人、動物或超自然的生靈，用動作來表演以達到所需要的效果，比如打獵的成功或戰(zhàn)斗的勝利、將至的雨、太陽的復(fù)活。05 The Beginning of Drama 當(dāng)心臟跳動時，把它發(fā)出的脈沖記錄下來就成了心電圖，這可讓醫(yī)生了解心臟的 工作狀況。 The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. 換句話說，價格就是市場交易中大家認(rèn)同的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的貨幣量。 在全國各地，孩子們幾乎在同一 時刻到達學(xué)校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人傳授知識，使用大致相同的教材，做作業(yè)， 考試等等。 傳 授知識的人可以是德高望重的老者，可以是收音機里進行政治辯論的人們，可以是小孩子， 也可以是知名的科學(xué)家。02 Schooling and Education 歌手和樂器演奏者必須使所有的音符完全相同協(xié) 調(diào)。 Technique is of no use unless it is bined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.01 音樂的語言畫家將已完成的作品掛在墻上，每個人都可以觀賞到。 This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority. 音樂家們控制肌肉的熟練程度，必須達到與運動員或巴蕾舞演 員相當(dāng)?shù)乃健?他們還必須致力于以熱忱而又客觀的權(quán)威去控制這些音符。 教育不受任何限制。教育應(yīng)成為人生命中不可缺少的一部分。所有 這些價格的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系構(gòu)成了價格系統(tǒng)。04 Electricity 人們只是在兩個世紀(jì)前一點才開始了解電的使用原理，自然界卻顯然在這方面經(jīng)歷過了數(shù)百萬年。電鰻就是一種令人驚異的蓄電池。 那些似乎帶來了滿意結(jié)果的手段就被保留下來并且重復(fù)直到這些手段固 化為不變的儀式，最后產(chǎn)生了能夠解釋或者掩蓋這些儀式神秘性的故事。06 Television 這個時代承諾重新塑造我們的生活和我們的世界。第一類為廣播電視，通過電視信號的寬帶無線電波 發(fā)射展現(xiàn)在大眾面前；第二類為非廣播電視，使用受控的發(fā)射技術(shù)來滿足個人以及某些特殊利益群體的需要。 在蕭條時期，他的多數(shù)對手都在縮減投資。 Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial selfrule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a homegrown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.美國革命 美國革命其實并不算是一場革命，因為它并未導(dǎo)致完全的和徹底的變化。 第三個國家就是美國，它完全建立在共和原則基礎(chǔ)上。 相似的城市 化也發(fā)生在芝加哥和紐約。 一些俚語也變成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法，但另外一些俚語只經(jīng)歷了短暫的流行，而后就被棄之不用了。s standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduce to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and parative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peatbogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.考古學(xué)是歷史學(xué)的一個來源，而不是地位卑微的輔助學(xué)科。并不是所有的人類行為都留下化石。them or are preparing to do so. The reasons for this confluence of activity are plex, but one factor is a consideration everywhere space.s space problems. 單單在紐約市，六個主要機構(gòu)或者已經(jīng)向空中和周 圍擴展，或者正準(zhǔn)備這樣做。雖然對額外的陳列室和存儲室空間需要很明顯，但據(jù)費城藝術(shù)博物館經(jīng)理講：博物館還沒有在未來十五年打破這個束縛的計劃。 of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. Center towers in New York City would alone generate million gallons of raw sewage each year as much as acity often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17由于博物館的空間問題，將藝術(shù)品脫手或者說賣掉已經(jīng)有了新的重要意義。s president.博物館 從波士頓到洛杉機，從紐約到芝加哥、到達拉斯，所有的博物館或者正在籌劃、建造或者正在完成大規(guī)模的擴建計劃。crunch, the Art Museum has bee increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some12 MuseumsFrom Boston to Los Angeles, from New York City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are either planning, building, or wrapping up wholesale expansion programs. These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or這些變化的總和構(gòu)成了我們所說的考古學(xué)記錄。 講英語的多數(shù)人能夠在適當(dāng)?shù)膱龊现羞x擇使用所有 這三種語言類型。俗語和俚語 詞匯的應(yīng)用都是口頭較多、筆頭較少。 second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups。 這些中產(chǎn)階級希望在遠(yuǎn)離老舊城市的地區(qū)擁有住宅，單一家庭住宅地區(qū) 的開發(fā)者滿足了他們的愿望。漸漸地，在與舊有的主要城區(qū)相毗鄰的地方，不斷涌現(xiàn)出由排房和公寓樓組成的工人聚居區(qū)，包圍了工廠。 If by suburb is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly pact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 184039。加拿大的第一大批講英語的流 入人口來自于成千上萬英王的效忠者， 這些人從美國逃到了加拿大。08 American Revolution 這個學(xué)校有一個圖書館，一個美術(shù)館和一個國家歷史博物館；他還創(chuàng)立了一所