第九章：抗生素的生產-免費閱讀
【正文】 increased impellar diameter pensates for reduced agitation Axial amp。 一個鏈霉菌效價單位為能在 1ml肉湯培養(yǎng)基中完全抑制大腸桿菌標準菌株所需的最小鏈霉菌素計量。 氨基糖苷類抗生素：包括鏈霉素、慶大霉素含有氨基糖苷類或氨基環(huán)醇 四環(huán)類抗生素：四環(huán)素類、土霉素以四個苯為母核。細菌產生的，多粘桿菌，枯草桿菌，芽孢桿菌產生的粘多菌素。 1928年， 概述 In 1928 Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming reported the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium species He observed that Penicillium notatum killed some of his Staph. aureus culture dishes Discovery by accident? Culture dishes contaminated when left out for two weeks while Fleming was on holiday, instead of being incubated Fleming noticed that the substance secreted was an inhibitor of many bacterial species He published a paper on the active ingredient which he called ‘penicillin’. This was the first demonstration that a substance produced by micro’s could inhibit or kill other microbes Fleming could not isolate penicillin. 10 yrs later scientists Florey and Chain successfully isolated penicillin. 19431945， scaleup production of pencillium. By 1945,enough penicillin was produced to treat 7 million per year. Discoverer of penicillin Born into a farming family in Scotland, moved to London at 13 Awarded Scholarship to study medicine Alexander Fleming Zone of Inhibition This picture illustrates the effect of penicillin on a fungus. Note the clear ring of inhibition. It was this observation which initiated Fleming’s further studies. Howard Florey Australianborn Studied Science amp。 根據抗生素的結構分類 以 β內酰胺類抗生素：包括其青霉素、頭孢菌素類等。生物 抗生素的應用 對抗生素的評價： 有較大的差異毒力 在體內發(fā)揮其抗生效能，而不被血液、腦腎液等破壞，不大量與血清蛋白質產生不可逆結合。 easy to sterilize 2. Capacity Industrial designs hold between 30200m3 of fluid, must however consider impact on cost amp。 DO conc. are fitted at various points around the vessel ? Optimum temp between 24280C ? Alkaline pH must be reduced to neutrality ? Glucose must be monitored to prevent catabolite repression ? DO must sustain cells but promote fermentation 抗生素的提取 一般用溶媒體取法：利用抗生素在不同的 ph條件下的化學狀態(tài)（游離酸，堿或鹽）存在時，在水及與水互不相容的溶媒中溶解度不同的特性，使抗生素從一液相轉移到另一液相中（如有機溶劑），已達到濃酸和提純的目的。 STRUTURE OF PENICILLIN What is a semisynthetic variant
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