【正文】 Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to bee pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine39。而有些報價單中，材料總額后又另加上 5%損耗費，實際上是重復計費了。裝飾裝修材料的價格應該隨行就市，材料的采購成本用其預算價格進行控制，材料消耗 的數(shù)量用施工圖預算分析的消耗數(shù)量來限制，通過限額領料來落實。而同一種品牌，有可能是正宗原廠生產(chǎn)而進口的，也有可能是合資廠的產(chǎn)品，或者是假冒偽劣的產(chǎn)品。由于裝飾工程主要設備和材料的投資約占總投資 60%～ 70%，因此了解業(yè)主的意圖，充分研究主要材料，設備的功能及用途并加以控制。以設計質(zhì)量、裝飾功能以及投資作為綜合目標，正確處理好技術與經(jīng)濟的關系。而目前，我國的工程建設單位在這些問題上表現(xiàn)很明顯，浪費嚴重。甚至成倍增加，故而投資額較大。相對于建安工程來講，裝修工程造價的確定和管理更加困難?？傊?，裝修工程預算中存在的問題遠遠超過土建工程，應從以下幾方面著手控制造價。 北京航空航天大學畢業(yè)設計 (論文 ) 第 2 頁 2 建筑裝修裝飾工程造價管理中存在的問題 設計階段對造價控制缺乏深刻認識 在設計階段，多會重視整個工程中的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，和技術是否先進，從整體上強調(diào)的是設計過程中的產(chǎn)值，卻很 大程度上忽視了建筑設計的經(jīng)濟性，忽視了整個工程中的設計造價控制。 北京航空航天大學畢業(yè)設計 (論文 ) 第 3 頁 建筑工程造價結(jié)算中存在的問題 在我國，很多施工單位都是在最低讓利之后才能夠取得工程項目的中標，為了保障自己的利益，施工單位都會想盡各種辦法在工程造價結(jié)算時候多取得了利益，因此也會產(chǎn)生很多問題。 ①真正理解業(yè)主對該工程的裝 飾意圖，明確裝飾設計要求與總投資限額?？梢匀〉檬掳牍Ρ兜男Ч?。有些承包商會以次充好，偷梁換柱，從中贏取暴利。 (3)構(gòu)件加工費和分包工程費的控制。業(yè)主應對此有所了解。s Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their homegrown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentine39。s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。并且這部分數(shù)量應在報價清單中體現(xiàn)。 (2)材料費控制。每種鋁塑板如果品牌不同，價格差異會很大。⑥以主要材料．設備的選用為控制重點。設計階段投資控制的方法主要是運用限額設計法和價值工程法。施工人員操作不熟練，難以對材料合理科學利用，造成的浪費，施工過程中的細節(jié)浪費，和倉庫管理不善而造成的材料失竊等浪費，都極大程度上影響了成本的管理。 4I 由于新材料、新工藝的應用及對裝飾效果需求的不同，稍上檔次的裝飾工程造價往往要超過土建工程。因此，它的建設投資經(jīng)常是士建投資的幾倍，對建設項目的總投資起著決定性的作用。 關鍵詞 ： 裝飾裝修工程； 造價控制 ； 過程控制 ； 北京航空航天大學畢業(yè)設計 (論文 ) 第 II 頁 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................... I 1 建筑裝飾工程的特點 ...................................................... 1 2 建筑裝修裝飾工程造價管理中存在的問題 .................................... 2 設計階段對造價控制缺乏深刻認識 ...................................... 2 工程造價估算精確度低下 .............................................. 2 施工階段造價控制不嚴格 .............................................. 2 建筑工程造價結(jié)算中存在的問題 ........................................ 3 3 建筑裝飾裝修工程施工造價控制