【正文】 最后，現(xiàn)有的美國對原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則限制了對美國市場的自由獲取，這種規(guī)則已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了不可預(yù)料的結(jié)果。 其次，低工資并不意味著中國有相對的比較優(yōu)勢。隨著 2020年配額的完全取消，這些國家很難在價格上進行競爭。在參加 2020年 2月于邁阿密舉行的棉花來源會議的服裝執(zhí)行官中，大約有 87%的人認為中國在不久以后將占有美國市場所有銷售服裝的 50%—90%的份額（國家勞動委員會， 2020年）。它同樣提供資金設(shè)備的銷售和技術(shù)，這些都是使服裝生產(chǎn)滿足市場需求所必需的。由于北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)協(xié)定的存在，為了能出口到美國市場，許多亞洲和歐洲企業(yè)已經(jīng)在墨西哥生產(chǎn)某些產(chǎn)品。（迪瑞斯科， 2020）加大型服裝銷售在 2020年估計達到 470億 美元，占整個服裝市場的 20%。在過去的若干年中，美國的紡織品和服裝企業(yè)為了達到市場鄰近的內(nèi)在優(yōu)勢的最大化增加了相當大的投資，來保持現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的能力和改善生產(chǎn)和營銷的能力。 accepted13 December 2020 The overall environment facing the US TC industry will be one of rapidly changing market conditions and technological innovation. With the phase out of quotas and growing number of trade agreements, the US TC industry is being exposed to intense petition in export and domestic markets. This is likely to lead domestic industries/labor to demand intervention by national governments to mitigate the adverse impact of trade liberalization (Standbury amp。隨著紡織品與服裝協(xié)定下市場的不斷擴大，亞洲的低收入生產(chǎn)商可能 和那些傳統(tǒng)的供應(yīng)商在美國和歐盟市場上展開更加有效的競爭來爭奪這些國家的市場份額。 Ⅲ — 8 不斷變化的全球紡織品和服裝出口國格局 Ⅲ — 9 來自發(fā)展中國家低成本供給的競爭已經(jīng)給原有的紡織品和服裝的出口國施加了相當大的壓力，特別是對于那些亞洲的新興工業(yè)化國家（香港、澳門、新加坡、韓國和臺灣）。譬如，紡織品和服裝貿(mào)易在過去的十年中幾乎翻了一倍達到 3340 億美元。麥克通納德 美國 托馬斯 瓦拉斯， 馬克 這些改革同樣預(yù)示著纖維和紡織品貿(mào)易的生產(chǎn)地點和方向?qū)l(fā)生重大改變。亞洲新興工業(yè)化國家在全球紡織品和服裝市場所占的份額減少了一半，從 1992 年的 24%下降到 2020 年的 12%。 Ⅲ — 10 人們希望烏拉圭回合的改革能降低紡織品和服裝的價格，通過纖維服裝供應(yīng)鏈來增加全球?qū)@些產(chǎn)品的需求。 Vertinksy, 2020). In spite of the substantial job losses, the US TC industry remains technologically advanced partly due to increased productivity resulting from advances in technology and design capabilities. Textile production is capital intensive and modern technology is essential to meet the increasing for highquality products. Over the last few years, US textiles and apparel firms have substantially increased their investment to maintain modern manufacturing facilities as well as improve production and marketing capabilities in order to maximize their inherent advantages to market proximity. In apparel, low skill production jobs have moved to lowcost locations offshore while the more skilled ones have been retained. To successfully adapt to the new environment, US TC industries need to capitalize on their sources of petitive advantage. They need to develop a more flexible operational arrangement, meet high standards in product innovation and generally develop a more changeseeking business Ⅲ — 13 culture (Kilduff, 2020). An important survival tool for US TC firms is to expand their potential market by offering new product designs and product categories. Manufacturers must try to bring a steady stream of products to market that are in line with the taste, preferences of the consumer. They can also expand their market potential by offering new product categories. Two of the fastest growing apparel segments in the US, for example, have been the women’s plus and men’s big and tall segments (Driscoll, 2020). Plussize apparel marketing was estimated at $47 billion in 2020 accounting for 20% of total apparel market. It is important to identify the firm’s target customers and assess whether the firm is successfully addressing their needs. US TC firms should target a narrow segment of the market that provides the best opportunity for success. In textiles, the focus should be on a few specialized segments such as carpets, nonwovens and technical textiles. Similarly, apparel producers should increase their focus on core products, reduce vertical integration to shed overhead costs, and establish alliances with other firms to consolidate resources and increase market share. Finally, in view of rising ines and high growth rates in many developing countries such as China, Brazil, and India, there are potential export market opportunities for US textile and apparel products. US export interests may be served by seeking improved access to the retail distribution systems of developing countries. US textile firms should also be able to use Mexico to export to the European Union and other countries, taking advantage of the MexicoEU trade agreement. Since the conclu