【正文】 s numerical control equipment finally with difficulty to have raises one39。 The domestically produced numerical control system not yet establishes own brand effect, the user confidence is insufficient. sustainable development ability, to the petition before the numerical control technology research development, project ability is weak。s foundation condition limit, the numerical control technology development is slow. The second stage is in the country “65”, “75” the period as well as “85” the earlier period, namely the introduction technology, the digestion absorption, establishes the manufacture domestically system stage initially. In this stage, as a result of reform and open policy and the national value, as well as the research development environment and the international environment improvement, our country numerical control technology research, the development as well as has all made the considerable progress in the product manufacture domestically aspect. The third stage is in the country “85” later period and “95” period, namely the implementation industrial production research, enters the market petition stage. In this stage, our country domestic product numerical control equipment industrial production has made the substantive progress. In “95” the last stage, the domestically produced numerical control engine bed domestic market percentage of reaches 50%, matched the domestically produced numerical control system (popular sedan) also to achieve 10%. Looks over our country numerical control technology near 50 year development course, specially passes through 4 5 year plan attacks, the overall looked has obtained following result. laid the numerical control technological development foundation, has grasped the modern numerical control technology basically. Our country basically has grasped now from the numerical control system, the servo actuated, the numerical control main engine, the special plane and the necessary foundation technology, in which majority of technologies has had carries on the mercialized development the foundation, the partial technologies mercialized, the industrial production. formed the numerical control industry base initially. In the attack achievement and in the partial technical mercialization foundation, established such as the Central China numerical control, astronautics numerical control and so on had the volume production ability numerical control system plant. Lanzhou electrical machinery plant, Central China numerical control and so on one batch of servosystem and servo electrical machinery plant as well as Beijing first machine tool factory, Jinan first machine tool factory and so on certain numerical control main engine plant. These plants have basically formed our country39。 In order to enhance the actuation performance and the use connection convenient intellectualization, like feedforward control, electrical machinery parameter autoadapted operation, automatic diagnosis load automatic designation model, self regulating grade。 距世紀(jì)數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究［ M］ .北京：國家機(jī)械工業(yè)局， 2020 Numerical control technology of development and countermeasure 1 numerical control technology trend of development Not only the numerical control technology application has brought the revolutionary change for the traditional manufacturing industry, causes the manufacturing industry to bee the industrialization the symbol, moreover along with numerical control technology unceasing development and application domain expansion, he to national economy and the people39。 我們應(yīng)站在國家安全戰(zhàn)略的高度來重視數(shù)控技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)問題，首先從社會(huì)安全看，因?yàn)橹圃鞓I(yè)是我國就業(yè)人口最多的行業(yè)，制造業(yè)發(fā)展不僅可提高人民的生活水平，而且還可緩解我國就業(yè)的壓力，保障社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定；其次從國防安全看，西方發(fā)達(dá)國家把高精尖數(shù)控產(chǎn)品都列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物質(zhì)，對(duì)我國實(shí)現(xiàn)禁運(yùn)和限制， “東芝事件 ”和 “考克斯報(bào)告 ”就是最好的例證。 雖然在數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)以及產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn) 步，但我們也要清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到，我國高端數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)，尤其是在產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面的技術(shù)水平現(xiàn)狀與我國的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求還有較大的差距。 縱觀我國數(shù)控技術(shù)近 50 年的發(fā)展歷程，特別是經(jīng)過 4 個(gè) 5 年計(jì)劃的攻關(guān)，總體來看取得了以下成績(jī)。目前這 種新的數(shù)據(jù)交換格式已經(jīng)在配備了 SIEMENS、 FIDIA以及歐洲 OSACANC 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的原型樣機(jī)上進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。為此，國際上正在研究 和制定一種新的 CNC 系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ISO14649（ STEP－ NC)，其目的是提供一種不依賴于具體系統(tǒng)的中性 機(jī)制，能夠描述產(chǎn)品整個(gè)生命周期內(nèi)的統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)模型，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)制造過程，乃至各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)品信息的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。目前許多國家對(duì)開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究，如美國的 NGC(未來的工作站 / 機(jī)器控制 )、歐共體的 OSACA、日本的 OSEC，中國的 ONC等。但過去因 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等原因，其價(jià)格要比 3軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控機(jī)床高出數(shù)倍，加之編程技術(shù)難度較大，制約了 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床的發(fā)展。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國的上海通用汽車公司，已經(jīng)采用以高速加工中心組成的生產(chǎn)線部分替代組合機(jī)床。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)及其裝備發(fā)展的趨 勢(shì)來看，其主要研究熱點(diǎn)有以下幾個(gè)方面［ 1～ 4］。近來采用大型整體鋁合金坯料 “掏空 ”的方法來制造機(jī)翼、機(jī)身等大型零件來替代多個(gè)零件通過眾多的鉚釘、螺釘和其他聯(lián)結(jié)方式拼裝，使構(gòu)件的強(qiáng)度、剛度和可靠性得到提高。 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)高速、高精加工，與之配套的功能部件如電主軸、直線電機(jī)得到了快速的發(fā)展，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。 智能化、開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化成為當(dāng)代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的主要趨勢(shì) 。我國在 2020 年也開始進(jìn)行中國的 ONC 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的規(guī)范框架的研究和制定。 目前，歐美國家非常重視 STEPNC 的研究，歐洲發(fā)起了 STEPNC 的 IMS 計(jì)劃 (～)。第三階段是在國家的 “八五 ”的后期和 “九五 ”期間，即實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)化的研究，進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)階段。蘭州電機(jī)廠、華中數(shù)控等一批伺服系統(tǒng)和伺服電機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠以及北京第一機(jī)床廠、濟(jì)南第一機(jī)床廠等若干數(shù)控主機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠。 ，對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)前數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)、工程化能力較弱；數(shù)控技術(shù)應(yīng)用 領(lǐng)域拓展力度不強(qiáng)；相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的研究、制定滯后 。 在高精尖裝備研發(fā)方面，要強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)、學(xué)、研以及最終用戶的緊密結(jié)合，以 “ 做得出、用得上、賣得掉 ” 為目標(biāo)，按國家意志實(shí)施攻關(guān)，以解決國家之急需。 The German DMG Corporation39。s ONC numerical control system standard frame research and the formulation. about numerical control standard The numerical control standard is the manufacturing industry informationization development one tendency. The numerical control technology is born after 50 year exchanges of information all is based on the ISO6983 standard, how namely uses the G, M code to describe the (how) processing, its substantive characteristics faces the processing process, obviously, he has more and more not been able to satisfy modern numerical control technology high speed the need to develop. Therefore, on international is studying and formulates one kind of new CNC system sta