外文翻譯--司法構(gòu)造：超越民事訴訟-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 這種滿意度不足，可能源于許多因素，包括時間長度工藝要求，其成本包括時間 、工作 、 親人和律師費(fèi)和訴訟費(fèi)收費(fèi)的情感 ， 以及其他各種挫折。 較近期的恢復(fù)性司法領(lǐng)域的研究已 經(jīng)從刑事法中以運(yùn)用在其他領(lǐng)域的恢復(fù)性司法的原則。第四，對話過程中應(yīng)適應(yīng)受害者和罪犯的需要。 一個好的律師都知道的法律 ， 一個偉大的律師知道法官 。事實(shí)上，有許多情況下，即使當(dāng)事人已收到申請 解決 爭端的報告，但 由于 他或她的訴訟報告可能被拒絕 ， 使 充分告訴他或她的 爭議搜到阻礙 。事實(shí)上，研究程序 正義以成為研究人員的研 究重點(diǎn)。在分配正義方面的研究還表明，不同的人口群體的人可能存在這差異。 and respectful treatment of all parties during the course of the proceedings. Perhaps least surprising among the four ponents of procedural justice is the requirement that the decision maker be perceived as neutral. Although it might seem reasonable that one would prefer to have a dispute heard by a judge known to be biased in favor of the claimant’s position,2 it is also the case that no one would want to have a matter resolved by a decisionmaker known to be biased against the claimant. Thus, it is important that the decisionmaker be perceived as neutral by all parties to a dispute in order to prevent either party from feeling that justice has suffered due to the decisionmaker’s bias. As important as the neutrality of the decisionmaker is the opportunity to present one’s side of the dispute in front of that neutral decisionmaker. Research indicates that the opportunity to voice one’s position is critical to the overall perception of procedural justice. Indeed, there are reports of instances where even though a party has received everything sought in a dispute, he or she nevertheless reports frustration with the proceedings due to the denial of the opportunity to fully tell his or her story. Tyler reports defendants’ dissatisfaction with a traffic court judge who routinely dismissed the tickets of those who appeared in court to contest them. The judge reasoned that if the defendants had taken the time off their jobs to e to court to fight the matter, they had been sufficiently punished for whatever infraction they might have been charged with. Although the oute manifestly favored those who contested their traffic tickets, the defendants frequently reported that they felt frustrated with the oute because they were not given the opportunity to present their case before the decision was rendered. Many of them had gone to some lengths to prepare their case–taking pictures of the scene or arranging witnesses – only to have all charges dropped before they could tell their side of the story. Despite the positive distributive oute, they were disturbed by the fact that their voice was not heard. Related but not identical to the neutrality of the decisionmaker is his, her, or their trustworthiness. A biased decisionmaker by definition will not be deemed trustworthy by all parties to a dispute, but neutrality does not guarantee Indeed, this mon sentiment is the inspiration behind a tshirt that is popular among litigators, which reads, ‘A good lawyer knows the law。 a great lawyer knows the judge.’ Constructs of Justice: Beyond Civil Litigation 261 trustworthiness. Rather, the decisionmaker must be an individual or group whom the parties believe will apply any relevant laws, rules,
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