外文資料翻譯----電視新聞的審查-新聞學(xué)-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 然后，一個(gè)有關(guān)環(huán)境知識(shí)同環(huán)境新聞的報(bào)道量之間將回建立一個(gè)直接的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)然，這個(gè)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)是值得去深度檢查的。我想知道，那些新聞審查者是缺乏環(huán)境方面的知識(shí)，還是想故意掩蓋那些事實(shí)。 環(huán)境報(bào)道是沒有什么不同的。 然而，電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)，新聞網(wǎng)絡(luò)并不將環(huán)境信息列為十大節(jié)目（教育和宗教信仰是另兩個(gè)被媒體忽視的問題）。因?yàn)橛羞@個(gè)權(quán)力，他們被人們成為“新聞審查者”，那些決定掩蓋事情像通過一道門一樣，讓被掩蓋的事情出現(xiàn)在電視臺(tái)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)，廣播上。所以說，這么少的時(shí)間，那么到底該報(bào)道些什么呢。一般的新聞大概 35秒。） 沒有情況說明這些初始的數(shù)據(jù)是新聞附加的元素，包括一些談話節(jié)目，如“緩沖器”和“廣告牌”。 最初的問題是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)問題。 附件 電視新聞的審查 這篇論文將包含商業(yè)電視新聞審查人關(guān)于環(huán)境方面態(tài)度的一個(gè)調(diào)查。平均下來，商業(yè)新聞?wù)及朔昼?，體育新聞?wù)妓姆昼?，天氣預(yù)報(bào)占三分鐘。 所以當(dāng)所有的非新聞元素都附加到犯罪新聞中，一個(gè) 24分鐘 20秒的新 聞并不都是真正的嚴(yán)肅的新聞。在紐約州的北部，一個(gè)電臺(tái)最近花了幾分鐘報(bào)道“每年圣誕節(jié)的詩(shī)歌”，像這樣 一些故事總是從重要新聞?wù)加械臅r(shí)間中搶走時(shí)間。它讓媒體除去各種信息，這些心事是他們有權(quán)去決定的，是讓人們最想知道的故事和事實(shí)。 就像一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的電子指揮棒，掌握著關(guān)鍵鑰匙的人決定著大眾談?wù)摰脑掝}是什么，另一方面，通過他們的否決，那些事實(shí)消失在歷史的灰燼中。不管新聞提供者的義務(wù)是什么，媒體新聞審查者沒有提供足夠環(huán)境問題的背景。 我想知道這些新聞審查者如何接受他們的有關(guān)環(huán)境的背景知識(shí)，他們接受什么樣的這方面的背景知識(shí)，他們?cè)谀牡玫竭@些有關(guān)環(huán)境的信息的。 我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)那些環(huán)境方面的信息，如果建立在一種規(guī)則之上，世界上將不會(huì)發(fā)生對(duì)此所產(chǎn)生的爭(zhēng)論。如果對(duì)電視審查人的教育導(dǎo)致環(huán)境問題方面的報(bào)道過多過剩，也是不好的。 the media play a major role in determining what people discuss and what they think about. If the media do not report on environmental stories, they are simply shirking their responsibility to, as Gore said, inform and educate the public on a very significant topic. I hope to determine how the gatekeepers make their decisions in regard to environmental stories. I will do this by constructing a survey instrument that will be sent to approximately 2,000 mercial broadcast television gatekeepers at both the local and the national level. I want to know how these gatekeepers receive their own background information, from what sources they receive this information, where they get their environmental story ideas, and what makes an environmental story newsworthy in their eyes. I also want to know whether they think business or environmental interests are the most credible when it es to environmental issues. Most importantly, I want to probe their knowledge and views about environmental issues. I want to explore how their knowledge, or lack of knowledge about environmental matters, might shape their coverage of those issues. The initial problem is simply one of mathematics. In a world where people face a wide array of issues about which they should be well informed, the time actually allotted in television newscasts to informing the public about these issues is miniscule. The total amount of time given to news coverage is called the news hole by journalists. Content analyses of both local station newscasts and broadcast work newscasts show the actual news hole is very limited. For example, one study involving more than 17,000 local news broadcasts over a threemonth period (Lichter, 1998) found that a typical 30minute newscast actually had very little time for real news. On average, mercials took up eight minutes of the broadcast. Sports news accounted for four minutes of airtime, while weather took on average three minutes. So fully half the newscast involves little of substance (although I will admit that sports and weather have importance in many people’s lives, I would argue that at least for our focus here, informing and educating the public about significant issues, their value is limited). Not accounted for in these initial figures are the additional production elements of a newscast, including anchor chitchat and what is know
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