【正文】 美國(guó)巨大的金融和貿(mào)易赤字要求其找出方法以吸引國(guó)外的資金和市場(chǎng)，而中國(guó)巨大的貿(mào)易順差和國(guó)內(nèi)需求使其能夠升級(jí)它的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，擴(kuò)大服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。 產(chǎn)業(yè)集群生產(chǎn)水平的升級(jí)和多樣化會(huì)使生產(chǎn)商更為有效地投入，同時(shí)增強(qiáng)研究和開發(fā)，提高科學(xué)技術(shù)，實(shí)施更為嚴(yán)格的管理措施，提高員工技能，而這些又能夠促進(jìn)中美兩國(guó)的集群合作，從而更好解決兩國(guó)貿(mào)易問(wèn)題。 這 使得中國(guó)在發(fā)展對(duì) 外貿(mào)易時(shí)遭受了更多的綠色 和 技術(shù)性壁壘，對(duì)中國(guó)的貿(mào)易發(fā)展及中美關(guān)系造成不利影響。 中國(guó)對(duì)石油和能源與日俱增的要求，也引起各貿(mào)易國(guó)的擔(dān)憂 。 相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使得兩方相互靠近直到將攤位移至海灘的中間。我們用一個(gè)例子來(lái)闡述。這些問(wèn)題通常由企業(yè)家管理技能低，過(guò)時(shí)的技術(shù)或是增加的勞動(dòng)力成本所引起。 關(guān)鍵詞：產(chǎn)業(yè)集群 緩和貿(mào)易 中美關(guān)系 1 中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群概述 中國(guó)在許多地區(qū)已經(jīng)建立了相當(dāng)成熟的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群體系，并把主要的市場(chǎng)份額集中于國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。s concept of geographic clusters, all designed to enhance productivity and minimize resource utilization. According to five sets of actors posing cluster, Chinese clusters can bine with American panies, research munities and financial institutions to group a global cluster or upgrade the primitive one. (3) Any new ideas involving economic development or production must now take its environmental footprint directly into consideration. All nations must accept the fact that we live on a finite pla with finite resources. For the past 15 years China has witnessed a rapid rate of growth that has moved it into third place among our world39。s exports e from China’s current industrial clusters. Therefore, if we want to solve China’s foreign trade problems and overall balance of trade, we must pay close attention to industrial clusters and find ways to better distribute this output within China39。 a) the merchandise they sell is of the same quality and sold at the same price。s territory. Therefore, the interesting petitive forces provided a natural incentive such that both merchants will gradually move their stalls toward each other until they each arrive at the middle point of the beach. A clustering agreement however, would have both merchants agree to an overall location pattern, better designed to serves the customers and their time. 3. The Impact of China39。re not selling anything to them. Just on , 2020, President Obama announced that he would impose a 35 percent tariff on automobile and lighttruck tires imported from China. Meanwhile, China, not unexpectedly, also took some countermeasures in reaction to this dispute. To some extent, the root reason for the dispute lies in the different cost and quality standards of merchandise that both sides hold. According to the WTO rules, as long as a country is not recognizes as a market economy country, any WTO member can measure the dumping extent of its enterprises by utilizing a third country39。他們 聲稱 中國(guó) 不僅 采取傾銷 的 手段，而且在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)程中并沒(méi)有充分考慮 資源利用 、 環(huán)境影響 、 整體經(jīng)濟(jì)效率 等方面 因素 。據(jù)估計(jì)，廣東省 240 個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)中，有 60 個(gè) 城鎮(zhèn) 已經(jīng)形成 規(guī)模相當(dāng)大的集群，這些 集群主要在傳統(tǒng) 產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域 。這 包括： a） 鞏固 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)， b）促進(jìn)工業(yè)改組， c） 鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)之間的聯(lián)網(wǎng) ， d） 使公共資源更為集中。這樣的安排似乎非常公平合理，但事實(shí)并 非那么簡(jiǎn)單。由此可見， 中美貿(mào)易不平衡是影響中美關(guān)系的主要原因。美國(guó)指責(zé)中國(guó) 大量 傾銷低質(zhì)量甚至設(shè)計(jì)有缺陷的產(chǎn)品。 （ 2） 中國(guó)的產(chǎn)品 一直以來(lái)都被與依靠廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力的便宜商品聯(lián)系在一起。中國(guó)從美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)并利用其發(fā)達(dá)的技術(shù)和行政技能 ，以致其能更順利地進(jìn)入代表新經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，例如旅游等服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，我們可以看出，中國(guó)是個(gè)在服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群方面非常具備潛力的新興市場(chǎng)。美國(guó)擁有 技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，中國(guó)有勞動(dòng)力和自然資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，這兩個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)的結(jié)合不僅可以緩 和兩國(guó) 的貿(mào)易關(guān)系，更能為 兩國(guó) 獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。只要美國(guó)和中國(guó)緊密合作， 兩國(guó)互利便是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。 所以，為了 更好地 了解中國(guó)產(chǎn)品的成本結(jié)構(gòu)以及永久性解決反傾銷紛爭(zhēng)，中美兩國(guó)需要找出一個(gè)更合理、更可行的策略。 所以說(shuō)，中國(guó)鼓勵(lì)以集群方式發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策，對(duì)美國(guó)貿(mào)易發(fā)展乃至其他各方面造成了不利影響，這就使得中美貿(mào)易摩擦更加嚴(yán)重。 3 中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群政策對(duì)中美貿(mào)易的影響 2020 年，中國(guó)加入 WTO 之后，中國(guó) 的出口額每年都在增長(zhǎng)，從 2020 年的%到 2020 年的 40%。 現(xiàn) 定義沙灘的長(zhǎng)度為 1，左邊的點(diǎn)為 0，右邊的點(diǎn)為 1?，F(xiàn)在應(yīng)該提升集聚企業(yè)的管理水平，并且將集聚進(jìn)程從低水平提高至相對(duì)較高的水平。 這些村莊和城鎮(zhèn)的總產(chǎn)量大致占浙江省工業(yè)產(chǎn)出50%左右。勞倫斯 、孫偉東 摘要： 一 直 以來(lái)，中國(guó) 都 依靠產(chǎn)業(yè)集群 來(lái)形成其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) 。s concentration on economic growth at the expense of a more rational utilization of its resources, further damaging the environment, and not being as mindful of economic efficiency as Chinese planners and manufactures might have been. The World Bank cited 16 Chinese cities out of 20 as the worlds most polluted. In a recent study of carbon dioxide emissions, the most damaging of all greenhouse gases, a Dutch institute (Netherlands Environmental Agency, 2020) concluded that China has surpassed the US and is now the largest CO2 emitter in the world. This listing was based on the overviews on energy use as piled by British Petroleum. Anything China can do to reduce its footprint in this area would be most weled as a member of the world munity, Clusters, well thought out and implemented with an objective towards technological and environmental efficiencies offer one opportunity to do just this. Probable solutions (1) Among the WTO member states, the US has the second largest number of antidumping cases against China which has led to much confusion and debate within Chinese business leaders. China recognizes that America is implementing increased protectionism. But President Obama said, We can39。 d) Our two merchants have an exclusive agreement prohibiting any other petitors entering this market. In order to describe our model conveniently, we define that the beach length is 1, the left point being 0 and the right point being 1. According to geographic optimization, merchant one would locate his stall at 1/4 and merchant 2 would locate at 3/4 because doing so would minimize overall consumer convenience giving each merchant equal access to their