【正文】 在北歐的人口變化，美國(guó)和日本的國(guó)家將增加 “ 第三年紀(jì) ” 市場(chǎng)的重要性，以及各區(qū)域在人口日趨年輕化，南部歐洲，南美和東南亞，對(duì)市場(chǎng) 的增長(zhǎng)介于 18 歲至 30 歲段。 總之，人口因素對(duì)旅游業(yè)的影響表明，刺激這些地區(qū)那里有物質(zhì)， 社會(huì)和文 化條件，從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，因此看來，它們之間的旅游報(bào)價(jià)和人口規(guī)模定量連接 有效。他們的影響各不相同，不僅按照具 體內(nèi)容，而且還涉及到行動(dòng)的時(shí)刻和地點(diǎn)，此外，他們相互調(diào)節(jié)和他們的行動(dòng)與力量的最終效果，因此很難量化每一筆捐贈(zèng)。 ? the existent delay between demand (motivated by conviviality, fun, various cultural and sporting activities) and supply (preferably the training of tour operators)。 ? increasing the number of tourist guides, such as Rough Guide and Lonely Pla, covering a growing number of destinations outside the usual routes, including the ones visited by young people and students。 at the same time, low prices stimulate demand, but there are also side effects – for example, very low prices or their drastic cut may generate distrust in the quality of the services and, as a result, a low travel frequency. Discounts are very important for most young people and students. Over half of them receive discounts due to their student status as follows (Richards and Wilson, 2020): Up to 30% because of their age (up to 26 years old)。 ? the number of unemployed young people, which started to drop。 the tour operators think that for many education institutions, travelling for tourism purposes has bee a less optional activity and an increasingly more important part of a polished education (SYTA, 2020). Youth travel was at the middle of the ?90s a declining market or a stationing market because the number of young people in Europe recorded a drop and thus experts started to worry that the demographical changes might lead to a substantial reduction in the number of young people who practice tourism. Between 2020 and 2020 the proportion of young people aged 15 to 24 will drop from % to % of total EU population (Eurostat, 1999). For example, in Great Britain, until the 1970s the number of people aged 16 to 24 had increased every year starting with 1914, but today there are a million less people in this group age than at the beginning of the 1980s. The share of people in this age group continued to drop with 9% between 1993 and 1998, and in 2020, almost 39% (over million people) of the population in Great Britain was over 45 years old (European Commission, 2020). But, in 1991, there were four major factors that influenced the youth travel market at European level in an “optimistic scenario”, which also had influence in the ing period over: 190。 ? facilities like holiday checks and vouchers issued by certain trade unions or by other bodies。 ? increasing the distance covered by buses reserved for young tourists。 ? the delayed development of tourism leisure and entertainment services in parison to the offer of holiday resorts。 依據(jù)影響青年旅行的因素， 我們強(qiáng)調(diào) 兩類（許可 和 限制 ），在每個(gè)類別中，我們?cè)噲D 使 每 個(gè) 影響 青年旅行的因素更加專門化 。它是關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，那里的出生率是不是超出了死亡率或不被在生活質(zhì)量的陪同下按比例增加。 歐洲 2020 則有 18%，以 30％的上升趨勢(shì)持續(xù)到 2060 年（ Giannakouris， 2020））。這部分人口，包括誰更經(jīng)常旅行的年輕人，無論是在團(tuán)體和個(gè)人 。因此，對(duì)年齡金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整顯示了老年人口的增長(zhǎng)，這決定了這部分人口的較大部分要在實(shí)踐的具體形式的旅游，加入游客的主要是中老年人，所謂的主動(dòng)參與人口。 人口是旅游的報(bào)價(jià)基準(zhǔn)，但其應(yīng)對(duì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化的統(tǒng)計(jì)相對(duì)微量，即使在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高的地區(qū)。 ? difficulties of cohabitation with other categories of tourists. Despite all these obstacles, the youth is less sensitive to risks than other tourists. Thus, only an insignificant proportion (about 3% in 2020) of young people cancelled their trip due to terrorism, criminal acts, political turmoil, natural disasters, epidemics or other problems. Even then, the perceived levels of the crime rate have caused a feeling of anxiety rather than a change of travel plans. It?s interesting that young males are more predisposed than young females to be affected by terrorism, war or natural disasters, although women are more predisposed at being anxious about travelling in areas with high crime rate. In general, tourists with a high level of education, high ines and who make longer journeys are less likely to be concerned about potential problems that may occur at the destination. An explanation for this behaviour may be that tourists with these features have the tendency to carefully plan the trips, and so they are aware of any problem before. Regarding the style of travelling, backpackers and travellers are less anxious than tourists regarding potential problems. Those with specific travel motivation, such as volunteers or those who are visiting friends or relatives, tend not to abandon the trip. Volunteers in particular are less likely to be frightened by a natural disaster, maybe because most volunteer programmes are meant to mitigate the impact of such 外文翻譯 1 11 phenomena. Conclusions The information presented above provides insight into the plexity of the factors influencing the evolution of youth travel both positively and negatively. Knowing the factors that condition the evolution of this form of tourism on the market and the influence exerted by them is significantly important for the development of youth travel, both domestically and internationally. In conclusion, it appears that, regardless of the influence of certain factors, youth travel is a sector of the tourism industry that is growing much faster than the tourism market in general. Reference AbdelGhaffar, A. et al. (1992), “Youth tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research Vol 19 (4). Chadee, D, Cutler, J., (1996), “Insights into International Travel by Students”, Journal of Travel Research, no. 35. Comisia Comunit??ii Europene, (2020), Cartea alb? a Comisiei Europene – Un nou elan pentru tineretul european. Cristureanu, Cristiana (2020), Strategii ?i tranzac?ii 238。 ? the decision of the parents to take their children with them。 therefore, this “neglect” leads to the misconception that youth tourism might have a too low economic value. In this respect, in 1995, the European Travel Commission pu