無功規(guī)劃及其在功率管理中的運行畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯-免費閱讀
【正文】 發(fā)電廠負(fù)責(zé)偶然事故下的無功需求。 Ⅳ 、發(fā)電廠的無功儲備 被提議的無功管理策略假定在正常運行條件下發(fā)電機不負(fù)責(zé)無功的提供。例 3 和例 4 對配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的母線電壓沒有直接的效應(yīng)。如果大部分無功功率負(fù)荷能被負(fù)載點提供 ，無功功率潮流的量不僅在輸電網(wǎng)絡(luò)而且在配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)中都可以減少。一些發(fā)電廠發(fā)出有功效率低下及在電力市場不具有競爭力。 無功補償可以被調(diào)整在不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：分配、傳輸、產(chǎn)生。無功補償?shù)拇鷥r和貢獻并不是實際的估值。無功功率影響系統(tǒng)的電壓、能量損耗及系統(tǒng)安全。當(dāng)容性元件吸收無功，則感性元件必須發(fā)出無功，而且數(shù)值相同。在電力工業(yè)中，有幾個不嚴(yán)重的在控制時代被討論的問題被提出，像：誰負(fù)責(zé)無功功率的補償？是無功補償裝置提供，消費者是否需要支付無功負(fù)載的費用？發(fā)電機應(yīng)該在無功功率補償中擔(dān)當(dāng)什么角色？等等。它們的運行費用應(yīng)該包含視在功率成本。四個例子像圖 1 中所示是 在相同的負(fù)載條件下除非無功補償不同。第一例是基礎(chǔ)的例子，在這個基礎(chǔ)的例子中發(fā)電機的功率因數(shù)不是必須相同，相似的負(fù)載母線的功率因數(shù)也不必要相同。它不同于有功儲備的預(yù)算，電廠 的儲運損耗必然沒有無功設(shè)備故障那么嚴(yán)格。 。偶然事故、電廠的地理位置、電能質(zhì)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都影響發(fā)電機所需要的儲備無功的容量。圖 2 是 110 母線， 136 條支流包含 71 個變壓器和 33 個發(fā)電機系統(tǒng)的小部分。對稱三相負(fù)載是在計算時被假設(shè)的。依據(jù)負(fù)荷和運行條件，它們中的一些可以不用上網(wǎng)但是必須作為后備，另一些僅在確定的條件下必須上網(wǎng)。當(dāng)設(shè)備作為無功規(guī)劃，不同的設(shè)備可能有不同的考慮。 無功功率在一個甚至沒有無功負(fù) 載的交流系統(tǒng)的功率傳輸中也是必需的，不像有功，無功不被電力系統(tǒng)中的任何一個元件消耗。中文 1970字 Reactive Power Planning and Operating in the Deregulated Power Utilities Ⅰ . INTRODUCTION The purposes of this paper are to review the current strategy of reactive power management and search for proper reactive power strategy, w hich is expected to result in a more efficient and economic way in reactive power management. These goals are actually consistent with the spirit of the deregulation of power industry. Reactive power affects system voltages, energy loss as well as system security. As power system deregulation has been widely accepted by power industry, the philosophy of reactive power management and power system operation is expected to be much different in order to meet the spirit of deregulation and the security requirements. In a vertically integrated utility, reactive power facilities are ow ned and operated by the same utility. The costs and contribution of reactive power supply are not precisely evaluated. Under deregulation circumstance, the obligations and rights of the ow ners of reactiv e power facilities bee an essential issue that affects not only the investment returns of power industry but also the power system security. This situation is even more plicated for the interconnection of several selfsupported systems. Reactive power i
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