【正文】
這就要看他使用控制器的經(jīng)驗(yàn)如何了。序列被 25個(gè)位元組所定義。通過(guò)時(shí)間圖表 , 表 2,和圖 5和 6描述了每一步驟的程序和系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)部件。那一個(gè)線路能夠隨時(shí)停止序列而且將主動(dòng)器的狀態(tài)換成一個(gè)特定的位置。我們把每個(gè)步驟的所有運(yùn)行統(tǒng)稱為 [2]. (A+) 表示主動(dòng)器 A 向前推動(dòng),而 (A) 表示返回到開(kāi)始的位置。第二步,當(dāng) A完成了它的工作后,主動(dòng)器 C連同 B一起開(kāi)始 盡可能多的產(chǎn)生電流圈,并受 B的運(yùn)行速度的限制,而 B速度由一個(gè)流動(dòng)的控制活瓣管理。 但是,如果想聯(lián)結(jié)電腦接口和控制器,至少應(yīng)該有一個(gè)儀器來(lái)保 證數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性。更重要的是,應(yīng)該有預(yù)防運(yùn)行故障和問(wèn)題的解決方法。這個(gè)操作有兩個(gè)位元組位于電子輸入處。 它也有局限性,例如這種控制器有時(shí)會(huì)不執(zhí)行指令,在同一程序指令下,會(huì)出現(xiàn)某一個(gè)運(yùn)行的反復(fù)等等 ,但是這一個(gè)問(wèn)題可以通過(guò)外部的邏輯運(yùn)行解決。 這些步驟的所有過(guò)程都是在微控制器內(nèi)部進(jìn)行的,并且以同樣的方式在運(yùn)行著。第二步是聯(lián)編標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的線路,最后一步是連接接收 來(lái)自感應(yīng)器,開(kāi)關(guān)和先前的運(yùn)動(dòng)信號(hào),同時(shí)把空氣或電傳送給每個(gè)步驟的補(bǔ)給線。這就意味著此項(xiàng)目有更多的獨(dú)特性,但同時(shí)系統(tǒng)的控制也由它的設(shè)計(jì)者所控制。 PLC 的用途廣泛,可以應(yīng)用于許多工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,甚至用于建筑物的安全和自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中。 the system made with microcontroller is an alternative that works in a simple way. 第 18 頁(yè) 應(yīng)用于電氣系統(tǒng)的可編程序控制器 約翰 此項(xiàng)目主要是研究電氣系統(tǒng)以及簡(jiǎn)單有效的控制氣流發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的程序和氣流系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)。 each string has the configuration of one step of the process. There are two bytes for the inputs, one byte for the outputs and two more for the other configurations and auxiliary functions of the step. After programming, this sequence of strings is saved inside of a nonvolatile memory of the microcontroller, so they can be read and executed. The controller task is not to work in the same way as a conventional PLC, but the purpose of it is to be an example of a versatile controller that is design for an specific area. A conventional PLC process the control of the system using a cycle where it makes an image of the inputs, execute all the conditions defined by the configuration programmed inside, and then update the state of the outputs. This controller works in a different way, where it read the configuration of the step, wait the condition of inputs to be satisfied, then update the state or the outputs and after that jump to the next step and start the process again. It can generate some limitations, as the fact that this controller cannot execute, 第 6 頁(yè) inside the program, movements that must be repeated for some time, but this problem can be solved with some external logic ponents. Another limitation is that the controller cannot be applied on systems that have no sequence. These limitations are a characteristic of the system that must be analyzed for each application. 4. Characteristics of the controller The controller is based on the MICROCHIP microcontroller PIC16F877 [6,7] with 40 pins, and it has all the resources needed for this project .It has enough pins for all the ponents, serial munication implemented in circuit, EEPROM memory to save all the configuration of the system and the sequence of steps. For the execution of the main program, it offers plete resources as timers and interruptions. The list of resources of the controller was created to explore all the capacity of the microcontroller to make it as plete as possible. During the step, the program chooses how to use the resources reading the configuration string of the step. This string has two bytes for digital inputs, one used as a mask and the other one used as a value expected. One byte is used to configure the outputs value. One bytes more is used for the internal timer , the analog input or timeout. The EEPROM memory inside is 256 bytes length that is enough to save the string of the steps, with this characteristic it is possible to save between 48 steps ( Table 1) . The controller () has also a display and some buttons that are used with an interactive menu to program the sequence of steps and other configurations. 第 7 頁(yè) . Interaction ponents For the real application the controller must have some elements to interact with the final user and to offer a plete monitoring of the system resources that are available to the designer while creating the logic control of the pneumatic system (): ?Interactive mode of work。 3byte: value expected on the inputs。 因?yàn)榭梢愿鶕?jù)需要無(wú)數(shù)次創(chuàng)建和模擬這樣的系統(tǒng),所以藉由 PLC 的使用,此項(xiàng)目有靈活的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 這種基于微控制器的控制器的適用范圍比較小,只能用于一個(gè)類型的機(jī)器或者可以用做一個(gè)像普通 PLC 一樣可以被編程的控制器,那樣它就可以通過(guò)可變化的邏輯程序來(lái)進(jìn)行各種作業(yè)。 這種方計(jì)的不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的線路基法叫循序漸進(jìn)式或規(guī)則系統(tǒng),它對(duì)氣流和電氣系統(tǒng)非常有效,而且也是此項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)。 先前提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)線路可以幫助設(shè)計(jì)人員定義系統(tǒng)的不同狀態(tài)和不同步驟的變化所帶來(lái)的不同環(huán)境。 不同于傳統(tǒng)的 PLC,這種控制器的工作目的是成為特定領(lǐng)域設(shè)計(jì)的多用控制器。它提供了項(xiàng)目所需要的所有的運(yùn)行,例如定時(shí)器和分岔等。 交互工作模式: 在主要的程序中,使用者可以根據(jù)指導(dǎo)發(fā)出信號(hào)來(lái)進(jìn)行具體步驟的操作 LCD 平臺(tái)可以顯示系統(tǒng)工作的狀態(tài),衡量輸入,輸出,計(jì)時(shí)器和運(yùn)行的數(shù)據(jù)等。一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的接口也可以用來(lái)升級(jí)使用程序。它由四個(gè)主動(dòng)器組成。 D可以充當(dāng)一個(gè)工具,在物體上的表面上打洞。但是現(xiàn)在還它還不是一個(gè)完整的系統(tǒng),因?yàn)樗€缺少一些輔助設(shè)施(圖中沒(méi)有顯示)。 6 使用者變更例子規(guī)劃 氣流線圈在前面 已經(jīng)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明過(guò):它可以讓我們了解到控制一個(gè)系統(tǒng)所需要的條件,那就是在系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行中必須提供所有的功能設(shè)施。一般情況下,使用者可以在接口上運(yùn)行一個(gè)模擬程序?qū)ふ疫壿嬌系腻e(cuò)誤同之前所述的一樣,新的編程允許每一步驟的結(jié)構(gòu)被分割 。 單獨(dú)使用內(nèi)部記憶 , 我們可以控制一個(gè)有 48個(gè)步驟的氣流系統(tǒng),但是如果使用一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的系統(tǒng),就會(huì)達(dá)到 60個(gè)步驟 .控制器的變成不使用 PLC 語(yǔ)言,而是用一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的和直覺(jué)的結(jié)構(gòu)。 。它不需要為了獲取微控制器里的資源而安裝外部記憶器或外部的定時(shí)器。使用這種可編程的控制器 , 使用者必須知 道運(yùn)行方法的觀念并且規(guī)劃每個(gè)步驟的結(jié)構(gòu)。這些照片是控制線路的電圖表